조선 후기의 교생 - 책을 읽을 수 없는 鄕校의 生徒 -

Abstract

The historical-manuscripts must be having a extremely invaluable, in that they vividly reflect the social and living aspect of traditional age. It was not happened until recently that our learned circles would pay deep attention to a value of historical manuscripts. After that, there were abundant efforts which paved the way to find, gather, arrange and publish the numerous historical-manuscripts. But the studies of practical application about these historical material were hardly accomplished. Therefore it is indispensable to research and develop a new methodology of studies. In this Thesis, I closely examined a matter with methodology of microhistory what had be changes in hyanggyo(鄕校, a local government educational institution) and gyosaeng(校生, students in hyanggyo). As a matter of course, most of prime material in this study was historical-manuscripts. In brief, it is like this as follows What I examined. First, regardless of one's social status, anyone could be named "gyosaeng" who attend hyanggyo in former Joseon. But in later Joseon, only the common people "pyeongmin"(平民, the middle class of Joseon) could be named "gyosaeng". Second, yangban(兩班, the two upper classes of Joseon) and pyeongmin had a different place of residence in hyanggyo. Third, yusaeng(儒生, a Confucian scholars who were of yangban) attended to studies at least. But gyosaeng who were of pyeongmin took charge of practical affairs and services that were related to many kinds of ceremonies. Fourth, Jeongaek(定額, registered number of people by government) of students which local government allot to hyanggyo was not apply to yusaeng but only gyosaeng. Fifth, after executives of hyanggyo illegally picked many number of gyosaeng out, they wanted to solve a financial problem of hyanggyo due to collecting contributions from gyosaeng. Thought suryeong(守令, a local governor) knew all these fact, he would overlook an illegal process of picking out. Because suryeong could not support hyanggyo in financial way. In addition, while hyanggyo in later Joseon could not carry on its own functions and fulfill its duties, gamsa(監司, a provincial governor) and suryeong tried to make and put in operation a reform bill about hyanggyo management. But yangban had always been against to the reform bill, so governor's efforts to change the hyanggyo became in vain. Moreover occasionally even daesaseong(大司成, a chief officer in Seonggyun-gwan) of Seonggyun-gwan(成均館) who should extremely support a reform bill opposed reforming hyanggyo because their concern and interest were in company with yangban's