향교의 교육과정과 교육방법

Abstract

This paper is about the curriculum and instructional method of hyanggyo(local school annexed to the Confucian shrine, 鄕校). Until Seowon(書院) had established in 16th century middle, hyanggyohad entirely in charge of education for the people of region as the government school(官學) from Korea Dynasty to the middle part of Joseon. Moreover hyanggyoin the early years of Joseon Dynasty had played the scrupulous roles for not only the educational function but also the edification of the people of the provinces from the principle of one school per one village. And for achieving these goals, qualifications applying for examination for Sogwa(小科) had been granted to the students of hyanggyo,It had given the big motivation to pupils. Especially in order to apply for Sogwa examination Sohak(小學) and Garye(家禮) was the compulsory subject, the students must studied for the Confucian books including with such as Saseo(四書), Ogyeong (五經) Hsing-li ts-ch'üan(性理大全) samganghaengsil 三綱行實), Xinjing(心經), Hyogyeong(孝經), Chin-ssu lu(近思錄), some historic books connected with Tonggam(通鑑), and book of literature like Wenxuan(文選). And in the aspects of the instructional method of ‘man to man’ teaching was general. The evaluation for educational achievement of the students had been divided with three constituents like the scholastic ability, behavior and attendance, by interval of evaluation sorted out such as one day evaluation, monthly evaluation, half year evaluation and the temporary evaluation. With a conclusion I would like to insist upon that the education in hyanggyo in the early years of Joseon Dynasty was more suitable for civilizing the people of region than cultivating the competent person. We can confirm the fact that from the ends of 15 century the function of educational got gradually weaken with the centralization of powerful layer’s growing up, from the middles of 16 century the new institutes ,Seowon, had played a important roles for the education of region as substitute for hyanggyo.