고려시대의 관문서와 전달체계

Abstract

In the official documents of Koryo Dynasty, 'Jang(狀)' in up going documents and 'Cheop(貼)' in parallel-down going documents were used as the only way of the delivery system. Jang(狀) was used when the local government offices and especially the dispatched government officers sent the official documents to the central government. It was Jang(狀) that the local governments used as official documents to send regular reports to the central government. Compared with Jang(狀), Cheop(貼) was parallel-down going documents. It was a example of Cheop(帖) that was used in early Koryo Dynasty and Cheop(貼) was used as same term in the later period, but they are basically same kind of documents. The form of Cheop(貼) consists of sender and receiver in the introduction. Secondly, it presented the documents that the source of issue was written in the form of 'Idoo' which used Chinese letters having the same sound. Then, thirdly, the date of issue, Cheop(貼) which is the type of documents, and the name of government official who are charging were written. This Cheop(貼) was known that was used all over Koryo area. In the case of the delivery system of official documents in Koryo Dynasty, the central offices, including three premiers(三省), six ministers(六官諸曹), seven departments and three bureaus, and the archives(諸署局) could deliver the documents directly to the authorities concerned regardless of the rank. This system enabled the official documents to be informed to the proper offices without any interferences. The local governors(都監) also applied the direct communication to the central offices. After Moonjong or Yejong period, the government system was changed to two departments(兩府) and Daesung(臺省) instead of three premiers(三省). The local governors, who are Hyounryoung(縣令) and Jinjang(鎭將) as well as Mok(牧) and Doho(都護) could communicate the documents with the dispatched authorities irrespective of rank. Also they could do it with the governor of Seokyoung(西京留守) directly. Koryo Dynasty was evaluated that it established this direct delivery system of official documents without interference in reflection of its political creed that the power should not be concentrated to certain government offices and King sould be in the center of national administration.