唐과 日本 律令制 公文書의 署名方式 硏究 - 不稱姓과 略名의 禮式을 중심으로 -

Abstract

Signature in official document is a symbolized expression of Autority. A person who approves the document can carry out his will through Signature. So, we could understand traditional governing system through figuring out Signature style in official documents. This dissertation closely examine Signature style of official documents in Tang(唐) and Japan's code of administrative law around 8th century. The concept of Hwa-Ap(花押) is first used in Song(宋) Dynasty. It is considered that Seo-Myeong(署名) or Pan(判) were used instead of Hwa-Ap. Seo-Myeong was the approval system made from name, as Seo-Myeong means. Seo-Myeong, which was the modification of name, was modified in an abstract way from 8th century, unlike the previous centuries, and it was named as Hwa-Ap from Song Dynasty. In the meanwhile, Pan in Tang Dynasty had the same meaning with Seo-Myeong. Pan meant division in Han(漢) Dynasty. Wooden Tablet were used to mean mutual faith after exactly divided into two during Han Dynasty. So, division basically meant faith and Pan had the same meaning with signature. Official Protocol of Seo-Myeong was an omission of Surname in Tang Dynasty. According to hierarchical order of people who approved the document, there were two types of documents. Lower level people used both Surname and Given name while upper level people used only Given name with the omission of Surname. In case of Japan which was influenced by Tang Dynasty's Code of administrative law also had hierarchically distinguished Code of Administrative Law in official document. The characteristics of Japan‘s code of administrative law in official document was the same with Tang Dynasty; lower level people used both Surname and Given name while upper level people used only Given name with the omission of Surname.