魏晋南北朝時代 公文書의 署名 방식 연구 - 紙木倂用 時期의 署·姓名·押을 중심으로 -

Abstract

This paper examines the forms and meanings of Signature(署名; Seo-myung) in official documents from third to sixth centuries focusing on the change of document materials from wood to paper. Strictly speaking, the concept of Seo(署) in wooden documents Jin and Han dynasties was not identical with that of Signature nowadays. That is not only because old record did not explain Seo as Signature, but also because the consistency of the concept of Signature was not found in documents of those days. Through the transition period from wooden documents to paper documents, however, Seo began to be widely used as a token for trust combined with First Name(名; Myung). Especially, Signature(署名; Seo-myung) also began to show a pattern of revealing social ranks with the change of tendency in Seo which combined with the shift of writing down a name with or without Given Name(姓; Seung) to express the order of rank. This pattern of Signature had been settled as a basic concept of official document system through Tang and Song dynasties. On the other hand, Ap was not the term that was commonly used from third to sixth centuries. There existed Hwa-rak(畫諾), similar concept with Ap, which showed different style of handwriting to represent an approval. Hwa-rak was a symbol representing approval and ratification of people who had the authority to approve. Hwa-rak was not closely related to Signature at the time. It, however, settled down in official document combined with Signature after Song dynasty as a complicated form of Given Name(姓)-First name(名)-Seo(署)-Ap(押) in showing rank of order. The form of Signature in transition period from wood to paper documents had been affected by materials from third to sixth centuries. The way of Signature which was clearly defined in Code of administrative law in Tang and Song dynasties had been completed throughout this transition period.