宋代 古文書의 署名 方式 硏究 - 正尊卑 明分守의 禮制體式 -

Abstract

This paper examines how signature was differentiated in the Song dynasty and what the meaning of it is. It was from Song dynasty that signature conceptually was divided into two types; Seo(署) and Ap(押). Seo was made by modifying a letter in a name, while Ap was made by adapting a certain letter. The signature forms were different in Tang dynasty based on hierarchy too. Whether to include surname or not was a touchstone. People in higher level omitted surname while lower level people included surname and given name in the signature. While transferring from Tang to Song dynasty, signature was more specialized according to regulations. Thus, Song dynasty adopted the surname omission (or not) method of Tang while developing there own way. Basic rule of signature of Song dynasty was various combination of Seo and Ap. Based on the analysis of old documents in the Song dynasty, it seems that there were at least more than five ways of generating signature; Surname+Seo, Seo, Surname+Seo+Ap, Surname+Ap, and Ap. Existing old documents of Tang dynasty do not show any conceptual difference between Seo and Ap. It doesn't seem there was any incident that might have caused a conceptual differentiation between Seo and Ap. It is assumed that Seo, which was traditionally modifying name letters, and Ap, which was like a separate code, coexisted but later diversified by the recognition of the importance of hierarchy. The existence of various ways of signature of Song dynasty might have been related to the inseparability with manners based on hierarchy. When only speaking of the way of signature, the signature of Song dynasty shows the standard of signature based on hierarchy. It is not overemphasizing to say that the original form of signatures in Korea and Chosun dynasties was established in the Song dynasty. It is expected that correlations of signatures in several East Asia regions can be analyzed comparatively too.