秦代 공문서의 분류와 서사형식

Abstract

This paper organizes the results of the study so far on the classification method and classification system of the Qin-Han(秦漢) dynasties and discusses the form of Qin’s official documents and the name of documents, idioms, etc. centered on Li-ye(里耶) wooden materials. The contents of this paper are summarized as follows. First, considering the classification system of the Qin-Han dynasties and the name of documents used by people at that time, “Shu(書)” was also used as a general noun to refer to the entire document, but more specifically, the name of the document to which the sender and receiver are connected with the attached document, namely, the 'public document' today. Second, the official documents, “Shu(書)”, were used alone, but because they were used as a medium for distributing attachments, the official documents were largely composed of three forms: [1]Self-contained official document without attached document [2]The official documents and attachments are recorded in a separate wooden material [3]The official documents and attachments are recorded on the front and back side of a wooden material In the case of [1] and [2], the distinction between front side and back side of wooden material is not necessary, but in [3], it is necessary to distinguish whether the official part is front side or the attached document is front side. Considering the characteristics of a Li-ye wooden materials document's format or the method of writing the date of sending, can be called front side, where the attached document is recorded, rather than the official document. Third, the idioms used in the Li-ye wooden materials documents, particularly the expressions “ganyanzhi(敢言之)”, “gangao(敢告)”, “gao(告)”, “wei(謂)”, “shang(上)” and “xia(下)”, which express the delivery of the document, indicate that Han dynasty’s official documents was used on almost the same basis as the idioms. In particular, we could see that documents with “xia(下)” used in Li-ye wooden materials were subcontracted by the emperor and national authority, rather than by the sender's authority, like that of Han dynasty’s official documents. It was then confirmed that this characteristic of the Han dynasty’s document administration system was derived from Qin dynasty.