일본의 지역정책 전환의 의의와 시사점 :내셔널미니멈(national minimum)과 로컬 옾티멈(local optimum)을 중심으로
The conversion of regional policy of Japan- from national minimum to local optimum
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The objective of regional policy of Japan have changed from emphasis of the balanced development to realizing full potential of individual region since latter half of 1990's. The aim of this article is to investigate why Japanese government changed regional policy and what the problems occurred from this policy changing. After World War II, the principal target of Japanese regional policy was to assure of national minimum in all regions. This policy contributed reducing regional disparities by developing peripheral and less-developed regions while brought out huge fiscal deficits and fiscal moral hazard of local government. It follows therefore that Japanese government put out local optimum as new policy target which try to realize local full potential by productive competition between regions. However, the achieving local optimum bring out new problem - regional disparities because it imputes a responsibilities of guarantee of national minimum to regional government. Therefore, the key issues the regional policy of Japan become how to achieving national minimum and local optimum simultaneously. Recently, the Japanese regional financial academic world pays attention to the northern Europe model to solve this problem. In Korea, we have been paid attention only the American financial federation model which emphasizes overwhelmingly effectiveness in inter-governmental resource redistributions. It will be necessary that we pay attention to the northern Europe model as alternative model to achieve national minimum and local optimum simultaneously.
Abstract
The objective of regional policy of Japan have changed from emphasis of the balanced development to realizing full potential of individual region since latter half of 1990's. The aim of this article is to investigate why Japanese government changed regional policy and what the problems occurred from this policy changing. After World War II, the principal target of Japanese regional policy was to assure of national minimum in all regions. This policy contributed reducing regional disparities by developing peripheral and less-developed regions while brought out huge fiscal deficits and fiscal moral hazard of local government. It follows therefore that Japanese government put out local optimum as new policy target which try to realize local full potential by productive competition between regions. However, the achieving local optimum bring out new problem - regional disparities because it imputes a responsibilities of guarantee of national minimum to regional government. Therefore, the key issues the regional policy of Japan become how to achieving national minimum and local optimum simultaneously. Recently, the Japanese regional financial academic world pays attention to the northern Europe model to solve this problem. In Korea, we have been paid attention only the American financial federation model which emphasizes overwhelmingly effectiveness in inter-governmental resource redistributions. It will be necessary that we pay attention to the northern Europe model as alternative model to achieve national minimum and local optimum simultaneously.
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