기업통합에 따른 조직의 변화가 고용불안, 변화 저항에 미치는 영향 - 근무경력과 통합 전 근무 항공사의 조절된 조절된 매개효과 -
Influence of Organizational Change on Job Insecurity and Resistance to Change under integrations of M&As - A Moderated Moderated Mediation Effect of Working Experience and Airlines -
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초록
본 연구는 현재 인수합병으로 두 기업의 통합을 추진하고 있는 항공사의 조직원들을 대상으로 조직에서의 발생하는 변화가 고용불안을 거쳐 변화 저항에 미치는 매개효과를 분석하고 이 매개효과가 근무경력과 통합 전 근무처에 따라 다른지를 PROCESS macro를 이용하여 조절된 조절된 매개효과(moderated moderated mediation effect)를 분석하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 국내 항공기업 조직원들을 대상으로 진행한 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저, 조직의 변화 중 내부구조, 인력구조, 복리후생에서의 변화는 고용불안을 증가시켜 변화 저항을 증가시키며, 성과관리에서의 변화로 고용불안을 감소시켜 변화 저항이 감소하는 것으로 나타나 고용불안의 매개효과가 입증되었다. 내부구조의 변화가 고용불안을 증가시키는 효과와 성과관리변화와 심리적 저항의 관계는 근무경력에 따라 다르며, 이는 합병․피합병 항공사 간 차이가 있었다. 그리고 내부구조변화가 심리적 저항 및 행동적 저항을 증가시키는 효과와 인적 구조의 변화 및 복리후생의 변화가 행동적 저항을 증가시키는 효과는 근무경력에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 핵심인 고용불안의 단순 매개효과가 근무경력에 따른 항공사 간 차이인 조절된 조절된 매개효과를 살펴본 결과 근무경력에 따라 내부구조의 변화를 인식할수록 고용불안을 매개로 심리적․행동적 저항이 증가하는 효과는 합병․피합병 항공사 간 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 조직의 통합시에 그룹 간 발생하는 현상의 포괄적인 분석을 바탕으로, 진정한 통합을 위한 통합기업의 변화관리 노력이 필요함을 시사하는 자료로써 이해할 수 있다.
Abstract
The extent literature tends to focus on research from the legal and financial perspectives of M&As. We address matters of integration by redirecting attention to the view that M&As are largely embedded in human practices. Using a multi-dimensional perspective and drawing upon PROCESS macro modeling, we test the indirect effect of perceived organizational changes under integration of M&As on resistance of change through job insecurity is the joint effects of work experience, acquiring and merged Airlines. The research was designed to examine employee responses to an organizational change on M&As. Data were collected from 850 staffs employed in airlines under integration of M&As. The conclusion of this study is summarized as follows. First, changes in internal structure, manpower structure, and welfare increase resistance to change through job insecurity, and changes in performance management reduce resistance to change through job insecurity, revealing the mediating effect of job insecurity. Second, The effect of changes in the internal structure increasing job insecurity, and the relationship between changes in performance management and psychological resistance vary depending on the work experience, which differed between acquiring and merged airlines. In addition, the effect of changes in the internal structure changes on increasing psychological and behavioral resistance, and the effect of changes in manpower structure and welfare on increasing behavioral resistance vary depending on work experience. Third, as a result of examining the effect of moderated moderated mediation, it was revealed that the effect of changes in internal structure on increasing resistance to change through job insecurity was different between airlines, depending on the work experience. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the group differences in stress of organizational changes in integration, this study suggests the need for change management efforts of integrated companies for true integration as data.
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