1950년대 징병제로 본 국가 통제와 농촌사회 - 삼계일기를 중심으로-

Abstract

This article examines the process of the implementing and establishing of the conscription system in rural society after the Korean War, using a diary produced in Samgye-myeon, Imsil-gun, Jeollabuk-do. Since the conscription is the most representative system in which the modern state mobilizes its members, it clearly shows the process by which the state is strengthening its dominion over civil society. Korean state could not hold strong control and integration over civil society before the Korean War because of financial, ideological, and administrative weakness. But the result of the Korean War, this newly emerging nation was able to strengthen its control over society and achieve social integration by the anti-communist ideology. As a result, the Korean state was able to transform from a fragile state to a strong one through the Korean War. In the 1950s, the lowest unit of state apparatus was the ‘myeon(面)’. Myeon is an official organization located at the lowest level of the state administrative system. It plays a role of infiltrating the bureaucratic domination of the state into the everyday life of rural residents by spatial and psychological contact with the rural society. In other words, myeon is the most microscopic control and monitoring system for rural society. The state tried to penetrate and spread the conscription system to the subdivisions of society. And myeon was the lowest administrative organization that performed these functions most efficiently. Even when social dissatisfaction and resistance to the conscription system prevailed, meyon played a mediating role in buffering the state governance and ruling system at the level of rural society.