「일기」를 통해 본 1970년대 농촌개발정책과 마을사회의 변화
The Rural Development Plans and Change of Rural Communiy in the 1970s
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The purpose of this paper is to examine the changes of rural lives and society through Changpyung Diary. During the 1970s, Korea experienced rapid industrialization and urbanization due to the central government’s modernization policy. State bureaucracy propelled rural development policy with state power dominant over the civil society, modern mindset and policy ability of the state elite. Formal modern elements, such as agricultural technology, village landscape, housing style, and the compression of distances between villages and cities were introduced in rural society during the 1970s. The fundamental characteristic of the rural changes in the 1970s was the relationship between the state power for the strengthening of the national mobilization system and the correspondence of rural residents to cope with the state power. The state could incorporate rural residents into the nation by overwhelming material domination and moral and intellectual hegemony. Under these circumstances, the state could mobilize the physical and spiritual efforts of rural residents. The state power could mobilize human, physical, and political resources from rural areas to achieve modernization effectively. The rural residents who were in adverse market positions wanted to recover their losses by depending on support from the state. The effects of the material and technological support from the state were very helpful not only for the individual and but also for rural communities. The vertical domination system of the state system over villages could only be attained by voluntary mobilization and participation of the residents.
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to examine the changes of rural lives and society through Changpyung Diary. During the 1970s, Korea experienced rapid industrialization and urbanization due to the central government’s modernization policy. State bureaucracy propelled rural development policy with state power dominant over the civil society, modern mindset and policy ability of the state elite. Formal modern elements, such as agricultural technology, village landscape, housing style, and the compression of distances between villages and cities were introduced in rural society during the 1970s. The fundamental characteristic of the rural changes in the 1970s was the relationship between the state power for the strengthening of the national mobilization system and the correspondence of rural residents to cope with the state power. The state could incorporate rural residents into the nation by overwhelming material domination and moral and intellectual hegemony. Under these circumstances, the state could mobilize the physical and spiritual efforts of rural residents. The state power could mobilize human, physical, and political resources from rural areas to achieve modernization effectively. The rural residents who were in adverse market positions wanted to recover their losses by depending on support from the state. The effects of the material and technological support from the state were very helpful not only for the individual and but also for rural communities. The vertical domination system of the state system over villages could only be attained by voluntary mobilization and participation of the residents.
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