정부효과성과 사회신뢰
Government Effectiveness and Social Trust
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초록
이 연구는 정부활동과 사회신뢰 간의 관계에 초점을 두고, 정부효과성 및 정부의 민주성과 부패에 대한 개인의 주관적 인식이 사회신뢰에 영향을 미치는지를 분석하였다. 이를 위해 국제사회조사(ISSP)의 34개 국가 (38개 지역) 49,807명을 대상으로 한 2014년 시민의식조사(Citizenship II) 결과 및 세계은행의 2013년 국가별 정부효과성 점수를 활용하였다. 위계선형모형(HLM)을 이용한 분석에서는, 국가 차원에서는 정부효과성과 함께 민주주의, 일인당 국내 총생산(GDP)이 응답자의 사회신뢰와 긍정적인 관계를 보이고, 개인 차원에서는 정부의 부패 및 민주성에 대한 인식이 사회신뢰와 통계적으로 유의미한 관계를 가진다. 통제변수 가운데 자원봉사단체, 동호회, 이익단체 참여 및 학력은 사회신뢰와 긍정적인 관계를 보이지만, 성별, 연령, 정당 및 종교단체 참여는 통계적으로 유의미한 관계를 보이지 않는다. 이 결과는 정부활동에 대한 상황적 요인과 주관적 인식 모두 사회신뢰와 관계가 있으며, 정부가 본연의 역할을 제대로 수행하면 사회신뢰 증진에 기여할 수 있다는 가능성을 보여준다. 분석 결과에 대한 학문적・실제적 함의와 함께 이 연구의 제약요인에 대하여 논의하였다.
Abstract
This study focuses on government activity and social trust, and analyzes the effects of government effectiveness as well as the subjective recognition on the responsiveness, commitment, integrity, and democracy of government. It uses the data of 49,807 respondents from 34 countries (38 regions) in the 2014 Citizenship II survey of International Social Survey Programme, and the Worldwide Governance Indicators by the World Bank. Using hierarchical linear modeling, it shows the positive effects of government effectiveness, democracy, and GDP per capita at the national level on the respondents’ social trust. At the individual level, the corruption and democracy of government are significantly associated with social trust. Among the control variables, participation in a group (sports, leisure or cultural), a voluntary association or an interest group (trade union, business, or professional), and degree are positively related to social trust, but sex, age, and participation in political party, or religious organization are not significant. This result means that both the contextual factor on government activity at the national level and the subjective recognition at the individual level are related to social trust, and shows the possibility that the government may contribute to enhance the level of social trust when it conducts properly its own roles. Finally, it discusses the limitations of this study as well as its academic and practical implications.
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