정부신뢰의 원인: 국가간 비교연구
Causes of Public Trust: A Comparative Analysis
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초록
그 동안 많은 연구자들은 정부 신뢰에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대한 다양한 연구를 진행해 왔다. 하지만 대부분의 연구들은 한 시점에 이루어진 시민들의 인식을 조사한 설문결과를 바탕으로 개인 수준에서 느끼는 정부에 대한 신뢰수준과 그에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 분석했다. 따라서 기존 연구는 독립변수와 종속변수간의 인과관계의 방향성에대한 의문과 객관적 수준에서의 요인이라기보다는 개인이 느끼는 주관적 인식에 기초한자료의 분석이라는 한계가 지적되어 왔다. 이에 본 연구는 좀 더 객관적인 자료라고 할수 있는 2차 자료들과 다양한 측정과 설문을 바탕으로 지수화된 자료를 중심으로 39개국에 대한 정부신뢰수준에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 국가수준에서 분석한다. 분석결과가까운 과거의 국가의 민주화 정도와 경제적 상태(일인당 국내총생산)는 국민의 정부신뢰에 부정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 즉 민주화가 심화되고 경제적 상황이 좋은 국가일수록시민들의 정부신뢰는 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만 정부의 효과성과 부패지수는정부신뢰 수준에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 즉 정부의 효과성이 높을수록 그리고 부패가적은 국가일수록 시민들의 정부에 대한 신뢰 수준은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
The previous literature on public trust has examined various causes ofgovernment trust. Most studies have been based on surveys that askindividual perception of trust of government and other factors, such asdemocratization, economic condition, corruption, etc. Scholars havepointed out two limitations of these studies: two way directions of causalrelationships between dependent and independent variables and themeasures based on perceptual rather than objective. The current study,therefore, uses secondary data and composite index to examine causes ofpublic trust in 39 countries and employs time lag between dependent andindependent variables. According to the result of data analysis,democratization and GDP per capita negatively influence on the level ofpublic trust. As a country becomes more democratic and wealthy, people inthe country less trust the government. Government effectiveness andcorruption level, however, positively affect the government trust. When agovernment runs more effectively and is less corrupted, the level of publictrust increases.
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