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영국의 지방정부 성과평가제도 비교연구: 잉글랜드, 스코틀랜드, 웨일즈에서의 제도변화 과정을 중심으로

A Comparative Study on the U.K’s Performance Assessment System for Local Governments : Focus on institutional changes in England, Scotland, and Wales

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초록

1990년대 후반 스코틀랜드, 웨일즈에 대한 자치권 위임 이후, 영국의 지방정 부 성과평가제도는 지역별로 다른 특성과 변화과정을 나타내고 있다. 수평적 인 중앙-지방 관계를 바탕으로 소통과 협력이 용이한 스코틀랜드, 웨일즈에서 는 Trust & Altruism 모델에 기반한 통합적인 성과평가체계가 안정적으로 유 지, 발전되어 지방정부의 자율성과 주민에 대한 책임성을 함께 구현하고 있다. 중앙집권적인 정부 간 관계가 계속되고 중앙-지방 간 직접적인 소통이 어려 운 잉글랜드에서는 Hierarchy & Targets 및 Transparent Public Ranking 모 델에 기반한 하향식 성과평가나 Choice & Competition 모델을 바탕으로 한 자유방임에 가까운 성과관리가 나타났다. 우리나라의 성과평가제도에 영향을 미쳤던 잉글랜드의 경우 2010년 이후 급격한 제도적 단절과 변화과정을 거치 면서 지방정부의 자율성은 크게 높아졌으나 최근 통합적인 성과관리와 주민 에 대한 책임성 구현에 문제점이 인식되고 있다. 이와 같은 영국의 사례를 참 고하여 중앙-지방정부가 함께 협력적인 파트너십을 바탕으로 성과평가제도 를 설계, 운영하고 자체평가 중심의 통합적인 성과평가제도를 구축해나갈 필 요가 있다.

Abstract

After the delegation of autonomy to Scotland and Wales in the late 1990s, the UK's local government performance assessment system has shown different characteristics and change processes by region. In Scotland and Wales, where the communication and cooperation are easy with their local governments, an integrated performance assessment system, based on the Trust & Altruism model, has been maintained and embodied the autonomy of local governments and responsibility for residents. England, characterized by a centralized government, has shown a top-down performance assessment system, which can be explained by Hierarchy & Targets model and Transparent Public Ranking model, or the system closed to laissez-faire, based on Choice & Competition model. Although England has tried to increase the autonomy of their local governments through the institutional separation and changes since 2010, the implementation of the integrated performance management for local governments and the accountability to residents have been problematic. Given that England has influenced S. Korea's performance assessment system, this study discusses some important antecedents to a successful performance assessment system for local governments, including a cooperative partnership between a central and local and an integrated performance assessment centered on self-evaluation.

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