1960년대 정신사와 신생(新生)의 토포스(topos) - 4․19 혁명과 한일회담 반대운동 전후 신동엽 시의 변화양상

Abstract

The 1960s occupies a special place in the history of Korean literature. During this period, two models of modernization―people’s yearning for ‘freedom’ and ‘nationality’ triggered by the April 19 revolution and technism purported by those who led the May 16 military coup―crashed hard. Throughout the 1960s, the reality of social changes stimulated literary imagination, and literature surmounted ideological taboo and provided a vision on reunification of the two Koreas and an ideal world. Kim Suyoung and Shin Dongyeop have been seen as poets that represented literature of the 1960s. This study discusses characteristics of Shin Dongyeop’s poem from the 1960s in relation to social changes as represented by the April 19 revolution and protests against the Korea-Japan summit. Before 1960, his poem embodied the poet’s negative perception of the reality at an ideological level or stated his conviction and resolution to overcome the reality. The negative perception of the reality was born from his experience of the war. By 1959, when he was about to debut, his poem began to show historical consciousness. Around this time, the poet termed his idea of an ideal world as ‘ceasefire district’, and after the April 19 revolution, he revised the term to ‘buffer zone’. When he first published ‘Go Away Shell!’ in 1964, he described the ideal world as a ‘neutral’ place, and then in 1968, called the ideal world of the same overtone in three different terms of ‘buffer zone, neutral zone, peaceful zone’ at the same time. That is, in the poet’s work, ‘ceasefire district’ changed to ‘buffer zone’ after the April 19 Revolution, which went on to diversify into ‘buffer zone, neutral zone, peaceful zone’ following protests against the Korea-Japan summit. Around the time Shin Dongyeop wrote about a ‘neutral’ place, novelist Choi Inhun also expressed his dreams about a ‘neutral’ place in his series novel, and from this fact, it can be derived that the poet’ change of terms indicating an ideal world reflected the influence of the reality on literature.