신동엽 시의 유토피아 의식 연구

Abstract

The literature of Dong-yeop Shin obtains a reasonable meaning when being interpreted with literature history of Korea in 1960's. His literature takes the forming of national independence state together with a concern to the reality of divided people as his themes. Such consciousness of Dong-yeop Shin naturally regards the consciousness to the ideal society of that time, i.e. the consciousness to the utopia as his poetic contents. It is also very important to find that such contents how to respond to the reality of that time with consistency even in the present. The utopia is a society of imagination which the most deepest longing, noble dream, and the higher ambition of humankind are achieved. It is a world of needs and is understood as normative world in which it shows a suggestive characteristics for systematical criticism and reform to the reality. When appreciating the poetry of Dong-yeop Shin with such utopian thought, his poems are indicated as the ideal society beyond periodical contradiction together with the criticism to the reality of that time. Criticism to the reality of that tims can be shown from that it describes the contradicted reality of Korea according to fixation of division. In his poems, first Korea is indicated as 'a base of other countries', i.e. the reality which independent freedom and spontaneity are disappeared and due to this, it becomes a reality which plunder, exploit, and illegality are spread. Therefore, his poems show a consciousness to resist to foreign power and further they are lead to the criticism to comprador capital being parasite to foreign power. Antagonism to foreign power naturally sees the civilization which foreign power has brought with negative view. It regards as that civilized society aggravates the life crisis of Korean people. The ideal society which Dong-yeop Shin pursues has two kinds. One is a primitive naturalism, and it sees that modern civilization which was regarded to make the human life to be convenient made the loss of human truth by bring the empty looks and formalities to the humankind and intends to return to the primitive nature. The other one is a society ensuring freedom and equality, i.e. no class society as an independent community in relation with the reality of that time. He obtains a philosophical base of ideal society from three aspects. First is an anarchism. The anarchism expressed as ‘no government town’ in his poems is expressed as an ideology containing the feature of ideal life which gains a free liberation of humankind from all authorities and suppressions, ‘work depending on one's capability, and distribute according to its needs’. Second is an ideology to pursue equality of people and independent life based on ‘mankind is god’ of Donghak Thought. Finally, the Lao-Chuang's Thought expressing ‘letting nature be’ becomes a base to pursue a primitive naturalism. This thought and the utopian consciousness of Dong-yeop Shin established by its society become a literal achievement to be a corresponding to the reality with consistency in 1960's and to plant a high esthetic ideal.