탈-가족 서사와 애도의 가능성-세월호 관련 소설을 중심으로

Abstract

The story of poverty among the novels of the Sewol ferry traps the bereaved family in the frame of pure victims. They must be apolitical, socially disadvantaged, and must not harm the national economy. Above all, being a victim makes the case a personal problem. Because of this, the story that proves poverty is caught in the trap of being a victim. Stigma proceeds through the process of ‘labeling-standardization- separation-loss of status-stigma’. In addition, the bereaved family ‘corrects’ the behavior or language classified as the basis of the stigma to escape from the uncomfortable gaze, or shows the perception that they are not involved in the group through ‘passing’ and ‘covering’. The problem is that these responses internalize the conservative rhetoric of defining the Sewol Ferry incident as an accident. Based on this, this paper analyzes that the act of establishing a new relationship beyond the family and verbalizing and sharing traumatic experiences goes beyond the impossibility of mourning and enters into the possibility of healing. In Yoon Dae-nyeong's “The Case of Doctor K” and Jung Yong- joon's “Disappearing Things”, the bereaved families all experience the destruction of their families. Both of these families failed to break away from the social customs that demanded victimism, and in the end they failed to make sense of the incident and mourn. Kim Ae-ran's “Ip-dong” illuminates the point at which the eyes of neighbors who demand pure victim-likeness act as a mechanism to label the bereaved family and to monitor and control the life of the couple. Kim Ae-ran's “Where Do You Want to Go” showed the potential of mourning and healing through the image of neighbors suffering together rather than comforting neighbors. Jung Yong-jun's “Greetings” shows that the act of sharing and talking about traumatic experiences with each other is the power of recovery and healing. Choi Eun-young's “Michaela” also expands the scope of empathy and reflection through the accidental overlap of names, and Han Sook-hyun's novel shows the cycle of care and the possibility of unconditional gifting, while new relationships beyond the family avoid the trap of bereaved family. It shows us moving into a space-time of healing. Lastly, Lee Ki-ho's “Kwon Soon-chan and the Good People” sheds light on that the relationship between the victim and the witnesses at the place where the perpetrator has been erased can be a conventional violence that demands victim-likeness. In particular, by making writing itself a narrative, the meaning of verbalization of events is transferred to the realm of healing. Through the above analysis, it is diagnosed that post-family narratives overcome the impossibility of mourning by sharing traumatic experiences and establishing new social relationships beyond the family, continuously presenting events and securing the possibility of healing.