김수영 시에 나타난 유토피아 의식 연구

Abstract

It can be seen that the concrete utopian consciousness that appeared in Kim Soo-young's poems was caused by the restriction and necessity of freedom due to the war experience in his life. Therefore, in terms of criticism, which is one axis of the utopian consciousness, in the era of the corrupted dictatorial government of Syngman Rhee in the 1950s, he criticized the corrupted reality as 'inverted negation' or 'naked street', or criticized himself as a weak subject unable to resist the corrupted reality. In the era of Park Chung-hee's military dictatorship in the 1960s after the April 19 Revolution, he denied the military dictatorship system based on the spirit of complete denial of the reality where freedom and democracy were suppressed, or he conducted self-mocking satires about himself as a weak petit bourgeois who could not criticize the oppressive political system. With the utopian consciousness presented based on the criticism as such, in the period of the April 19 Revolution when thoughts could be expressed freely to some extent, Kim Soo-young expressed his consciousness based on his utopian image of society through poetry and proses. First, he pursued the realization of liberal democracy based on the nation and the people. On the other hand, while talking about the Cuban Revolution, he strongly stated the necessity of freedom of the press based on socialist consciousness, mentioning that Korea also should be socialized. Therefore, it can be said that the utopian consciousness in Kim Soo-young's poems started from the consciousness of liberal democracy based on the nation and the people and progressed to the socialist ideology and that as Kim Soo-young experienced the historical reality where his ideology could be hardly realized, he was extremely stating the freedom of the press and expression in the area of literature and art, which is his specialty area.