영남범패 전승에 관한 연구

Abstract

Silla Kingdom has been playing the important role as spiritual foundation of Korea and its Buddhism, as one can find most of the greatest temples were established during that time. As its capital city, Yŏngnam 嶺南 region has many Buddhist cultural treasures including three Buddhist temple treasuries. Since Master Chin'gam 眞鑑禪師 started taught his pupil monks of Chinese style pŏmp'ae 梵唄 (Buddhist ritual chant), the Chinese pŏmp'ae have been transformed into Korean style. Yŏngnam region still keeping the closest style of original pŏmp'ae from Silla Kingdom. Currently, pŏmp'ae of Yŏngnam region shows three different styles: first, T'ongbŏm sori 通梵소리 from T'ongdosa 通度寺 and Pŏmŏsa 梵魚寺 temples, and second P'algongsan 八公山 style pŏmp'ae, which also shows characteristics of Seoul style pŏmp'ae, from P'yoch'ungsa 表忠寺 temple around Miryang 密陽 and Ch'ŏngdo 淸道 area, located in northern Kyŏmgnam 慶南 region. Last but not least, pŏmp'ae of Ssanggyesa 雙溪寺 temple at Hadong 河東 city, Anjŏngsa 안정사 temple of Kosŏng 固城 city, and Yonghwasa 용화사 temple of T‘ongyŏng 統營 areas in southern Kyŏmgnam region shows some distinctive characteristics of southern and western pŏmp'ae. Many monks of Yŏngnam region spread out to Pusan 釜山 with the pŏmp'ae they have learned and taught. Preserving and transmitting pŏmp'ae of both Pusan area and Kyŏmgnam region is very important in keeping the closet tradition to that of Silla Kingdom. Contrast to the characteristics of Kyŏngje 京制 (Seoul style) pŏmp'ae which performed in high pitches using five vowels (a, e, i, o, and u), that of Yŏngnam pŏmp'ae only uses two vowels (ŏ, and hŏ) and sung in a deep, down voice in a low pitch. It also shows such special sound quality as well as musical structure compare to pŏmp'ae from Seoul (Kyŏngje). Compare to the rich musical repertoires of Honam 湖南 region, Yŏngnam region have not distinguished for its music cultures until now. Knowing the fact that pŏmp'ae of Yŏngnam region stands for its musical excellency as well as rich context, we can call if p'ansori 판소리 stands for musical repertoire originated from Honam region, pŏmp'ae stands for that of Yŏngnam region, balancing both regions music culture.