유아의 회귀적 마음상태 추론과 구문이해에서의 개인차
Individual differences in syntactic comprehension and children’s recursive mentalistic reasoning
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마음에 대한 아동의 사고에서 회귀적 마음상태에 대한 추론이 출현하기 시작했음을 보여주는증거는 이차순위 틀린믿음 과제의 성공으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 틀린믿음 표준과제(standard false belief task)에 대한 수행에 기초하여 우리나라 유아들이 이차순위 믿음 추론을 나타내는시기를 알아보고, 유아가 지닌 구문이해에서의 개인차가 이차순위 추론과 어떠한 관계를 지니는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 만 5세와 6세 유아들 총 80명을 대상으로 이차순위 틀린믿음표준과제(Perner와 Wimmer(1985)의 과제, Sullivan, Zaitchik와 Targer-Flusberg(1994)의 과제)와 표준화된 구문이해검사(배소영, 임선숙, 이지희, 장혜성, 2004)를 실시하였다. 연구 결과, 서구권 연구에서 보고된 것과 마찬가지로 우리나라 유아들도 5세에서 6세 사이 이차순위표준과제 수행에서 주요한 변화를 나타냈다. 또한 구문이해의 개인차는 연령과는 독립적으로이차순위 믿음 추론에 대해 23%의 고유한 설명력을 지니는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를바탕으로 유아기 후반 이차순위 믿음 추론의 획득이 지니는 발달적 중요성에 대해 논의하고, 이차순위 추론과 구문이해 간 보다 구체적인 관계의 속성이나 방향을 보여줄 수 있는 후속연구의 필요성에 대해 제안하였다.
Abstract
Success on second-order false belief task is argued to be the first clear indication of recursive mentalistic reasoning in children’s theory of mind. This study examines when second-order belief reasoning emerges in Korean children, and what relation exists between individual differences in syntactic comprehension and second-order belief reasoning. Children aged 5-6 years (N=80) were given two of standard second-order false belief tasks (a Perner and Wimmer (1985)’s task and a Sullivan, Zaitchik, and Tager-Flusberg (1994)’s task) and a standardized, Korean sentence comprehension test (Pae, Lim, Lee, & Chang, 2004). Results are consistent with previous Western findings showing that developmental change occurs between age 5 and 6. Individual differences in syntactic comprehension are appeared to account a significant portion of variance (23%) in the second-order task scores, over and above the impact of age. The discussion is made that acquisition of second-order belief reasoning has its developmental importance. More research is called for that might determine the nature of the relation between syntactic ability and second-order reasoning, or the direction of influence from one to another.
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