이차순의 마음상태 이해의 발달적 변화
Develpomental Changes in Understanding Second-order Mental States
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초록
본 연구는 5세, 7세, 9세, 11세, 13세를 대상으로 틀린 믿음 과제를 사용하여 이차순위 마음상태 이해 능력의 발달적 변화를 살펴보았다. 이차순위 틀린 믿음 과제로는 Perner와 Wimmer(1985)의 과제와 Sullivan 등(1994)의 과제를 수정하여 사용하였으며, 마음상태의 이해를 측정하기 위해 일차순위 옳은 믿음, 일차순위 틀린 믿음, 이차순위 앎/모름, 이차순위 틀린 믿음에 대해 질문하였다. 그 결과, 첫째, 일차순위 마음상태는 5세도 이해하지만, 이차순위 마음상태는 5세 이후에 이해하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 마음의 표상적 특징을 이해해야만 가능한 틀린 믿음의 이해는 앎과 모름과 같은 마음상태(옳은 믿음, 앎/모름)의 이해보다 더 늦게 이해하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 이차순위 틀린 믿음은 7세 이후 발달하며 11세 이후에는 발달적 변화를 보이지 않는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
This study aimed at examining developmental changes in understanding of second-order mental states. Five-, 7-, 9-, 11-, and 13-year-old children participated in this study. Two second-order false-belief tasks were used. Tasks were modified versions of Perner and Wimmer's(1985) 2nd-order tasks and Sullivan et al.'s(1994) 2nd-order tasks. Children were asked 4 test questions(1st-order true belief, 1st-order false belief, 2nd-order ignorance, 2nd-order false belief) to test their understanding of mental states. The results were as follows: First, 5-year-old children were able to understand 1st-order mental states but not 2nd-order metal states. Second, understanding of false belief occurred later than understanding of knowledge or ignorance(true belief, ignorance). Third, 2nd-order false belief were demonstrated at age 7 and develops by 11 years old.
참고문헌 (28)
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