영어 음운 습득에서의 과일반화와 발화 습득의 초기 상태
The Overgeneralization in the Phonological Acquisition of English and the Initial State of Production Acquisition
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This paper, focusing on the error patterns resulting from overgeneralization, analyzes two different cases of production error patterns occurring in the phonological acquisition process of English: Child 78’s error patterns from Dinnsen (2002) and Amahl’s error patterns from Smith (1973). Investigating these error patterns, this paper examines two hypotheses that have widely been agreed in previous studies of phonological acquisition based on the framework of Optimality Theory (McCarthy & Prince 1993, Prince & Smolensky 2004): one is that the error pattern changes in phonological acquisition are the results of demotions of markedness constraints, and the other is that the initial state of phonological acquisition is the ranking relation whereby markedness constraints are ranked above faithfulness constraints (McCarthy & Prince 1993, Smolensky 1996a, b, Prince & Smolensky 2004). This parer shows that the error pattern changes in the acquisition processes of English in both cases are the results of recursive minimal demotions of markedness constraints, which accords well with the hypothesis of constraint demotion. However, it shows that the initial state of production acquisition is not always represented as the ranking relation whereby markedness constraints are ranked above faithfulness constraints, requiring that production acquisition should be distinguished from comprehension acquisition in terms of the initial state of phonological acquisition.
Abstract
This paper, focusing on the error patterns resulting from overgeneralization, analyzes two different cases of production error patterns occurring in the phonological acquisition process of English: Child 78’s error patterns from Dinnsen (2002) and Amahl’s error patterns from Smith (1973). Investigating these error patterns, this paper examines two hypotheses that have widely been agreed in previous studies of phonological acquisition based on the framework of Optimality Theory (McCarthy & Prince 1993, Prince & Smolensky 2004): one is that the error pattern changes in phonological acquisition are the results of demotions of markedness constraints, and the other is that the initial state of phonological acquisition is the ranking relation whereby markedness constraints are ranked above faithfulness constraints (McCarthy & Prince 1993, Smolensky 1996a, b, Prince & Smolensky 2004). This parer shows that the error pattern changes in the acquisition processes of English in both cases are the results of recursive minimal demotions of markedness constraints, which accords well with the hypothesis of constraint demotion. However, it shows that the initial state of production acquisition is not always represented as the ranking relation whereby markedness constraints are ranked above faithfulness constraints, requiring that production acquisition should be distinguished from comprehension acquisition in terms of the initial state of phonological acquisition.
참고문헌 (14)
- Dinnsen, Daniel. A., "A Reconsideration of children’s phonological representations, In Barbora Skarabela, Sarah Fish, and Anna H.-J", Proceedings of the 26th Annual Boston University Conference on Language Development, pp.1~23 (2002)
- Dinnsen, Daniel. A, "The Puzzle-Puddle-Pickle problem and the Duke-of-York gambit in acquisition", Journal of Linguistics, 37, pp.503~525 (2001)
- Gnanadesikan, Amalia, "Markedness and faithfulness constraints in child phonology in : Constraints in Phonological Acquisition", pp.73~108 (2004), Cambridge University Press
- Hayes, Bruce, "Phonological acquisition in Optimality Theory: The early stages. In René Kager, Joe Pater and Wim Zonneveld", pp.158~203 (2004), Cambridge University Press
- Ito, Junko, "Correspondence and compositionality: The ga-gyo variation in Japanese phonology", Derivations and Constraints in Phonology, pp.419~462 (1997)
- McCarthy, John, "Hidden Generalizations: Phonological Opacity in Optimality Theory" (2007), Equinox
- McCarthy, John, "Prosodic Morphology: Constraint Interaction and Satisfaction" (1993), Rutgers University Center for Cognitive Science
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- Prince, Alan, "Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar" (2004), Blackwell
- Prince, Alan, "Learning phonotactic distributions. In René Kager, Joe Pater and Wim Zonneveld (eds.), Constraints in Phonological Acquisition", pp.245~291 (2004), Cambridge University Press
- Smith, Neilson V., "The Acquisition of Phonology: A Case Study" (1973), Cambridge University Press
- Smolensky, Paul, "The Initial State and ‘Richness of the Base’ in Optimality Theory (Technical Report JHU-CogSci-96-4). Baltimore, MD: Department of Cognitive Science" (1996)
- Smolensky, Paul, "On the comprehension", production dilemma in child language, 1996b, pp.27, 720~731
- Tesar, Bruce, "Learnability in Optimality Theory (Technical Report JHU-CogSci-96-3). Baltimore, MD: Department of Cognitive Science" (1996), Johns Hopkins University