피해자다움을 위한 변론: 왜 우리는 성범죄 재판에서 고소인의 피해자다움을 물어야 하는가?
In Defence of Being Victim-like
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안희정 성폭력 혐의에 대해 1심 재판부는 위력에 의한 간음, 강제추행 등 10개의 범죄혐의 중 10개 모두에 대하여 무죄판결을 내린 반면에 2심 재판부는 10개의 범죄혐의 중 9개에 대하여 유죄판결을 내렸다. 두 재판부가 극단적으로 상반된 판결을 내린 것이다. 놀라운 것은 1심과 2심 사이에 어떠한 새로운 증거가 나온 것도 아니고 어떠한 증언번복이 발생한 것도 아니라는 사실이다. 사법부에 대한 불신을 스스로 자초한 셈이다. 이러한 사법적 판단의 불안정성은 판사들 자신이 성범죄 재판의 성격에 대한 명확한 인식과 이해를 결여한 데서 비롯된 바가 크다고 필자는 추측한다. 이런 성찰 위에서 본 논문은 성범죄 재판의 핵심적인 키워드라 할 수 있는 피해자다움을 인식론적, 행위철학적 관점에서 분석한다. 필자는 먼저 피해자다움을 행위 설명(action explanation) 이론을 통하여 분석하고, 더불어 행위 설명에 대한 법칙인과적 모형과 심적 시뮬레이션 모형을 종합함으로써 행위 설명 개념을 해명할 것이다. 다음으로 필자는 여성주의 운동가들이 제기한 피해자다움 개념에 대한 한 가지 유력한 비판을 인식론적 근거에서 논박할 것이다. 마지막으로 필자는 피해자다움에 대한 필자의 분석을 안희정 성폭력 사건에 적용하며 그것이 구체적인 사법현장에서 유용한 지침이 될 수 있음을 논증할 것이다.
Abstract
On all the 10 criminal charges of sexual violence including sexual intercourse by abuse of authority, sexual harassment, etc., the Seoul district court had found Ahn Heejung, a former province governor, not guilty. Later on, however, the appeal court found him guilty on 9 out of 10 criminal charges. The two courts delivered directly opposed verdicts on Ahn Heejung case. What is surprising is that the two trials dealt with exactly the same evidence and testimonies. This has had the effect of people losing faith in the competence and integrity of the Korean jurisprudence. This instability of judicial judgment, I presume, is largely due to the lack of a clear understanding of how to handle sexual criminal charges among judges themselves. With this in view, the paper discusses the notion of ‘피해자다움(being victim-like)’, which is a keyword in recent public discourses, from a philosophical viewpoint. First of all, I will analyze the notion of being victim-like in terms of action explanations, and elucidate the notion of action explanation by putting together the nomological-causal theory and mental simulation theory of action explanations. Secondly, I will defend my account of being victim-like from criticisms by some feminist activists. Finally, I will apply my analysis of being victim-like to the case of Ahn Heejung.
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