미국 경찰의 급진주의 대응에 관한 연구
Countering Radicalization and Violent Extremism in the Unites States: In the perspective of community policing
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최근 자생 테러리즘 및 외로운 늑대 테러리즘과 종교에 기반한 테러리즘에 대한 논의에서 빠질 수 없는 중요한 요소는 급진주의 및 폭력적 극단주의라 할 수 있다. 특히 미국을 비롯하여 영국과 프랑스, 스페인 등 급진주의 및 폭력적 극단주의에 뿌리를 둔 테러리즘을 경험한 국가들은 급진주의 및 폭력적 극단주의의 근원과 그에 대한 대응책을 중요한 치안정책 중 하나로 제시하고 있다. 특히 미국의 경우, 9/11 테러 이후 발생한 자생 테러리즘을 이해하는데 있어 급진주의 및 폭력적 극단주의를 중요한 요소로 간주하여 이를 대비하기 위한 경찰활동을 전개해나가고 있다. 이 논문에서는 서구국가 가운데 미국경찰의 급진주의에 대한 대응방안을 살펴보는데 목적을 둔다. 이를 위하여 급진주의 주요 전개모델을 살펴보고, 각 단계별 특성과 개입방안 및 대응책을 미국경찰의 활동을 중심으로 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 바탕으로 우리나라 경찰의 급진주의 대응에 대한 시사점을 제시하는데 의의를 둔다.
Abstract
Radicalization and violent extremism are considered as critical elements that cannot be left out of discussion on homegrown terrorism, lone wolf terrorism and religious terrorism such as Islam State in recent years. Western countries which have experienced terrorist attacks based on radicalization and violent extremism have recognized radicalization and violent extremism as a key factor in terrorist attacks, which makes them to counter radicalization and violent extremism as a root cause of terrorism. Especially in the United States, homegrown terrorism threats which result from radicalization and violent extremism are continuously posed to its society and law enforcement agencies in the aftermath of 9/11. As a result, countering threats derived from radicalization and violent extremism is one of the most important duties for the police. This paper aims to examine the countermeasures on radicalization by the police in the United States. For this purpose, ti will examine the socio-psychological models on process of radicalization, and its features and intervention strategies per each stage of the process. Based on this, it is meaningful to suggest the policy implications for the Korean National Police to counter radicalization and violent extremism in the near future.
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