국내 은행의 수익구조의 문제점과 개선방안
A Study for Improving Profit Structure of The Banking Industry In Korea
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초록
최근 가계신용 급증과 경기 침체로 가계와 기업의 재정 상황이 악화되었음에도 불구하고, 한국 금융기관의 수익은 증가했다는 비판적인 시각이 언론, 금융감독 당국, 및 일반 국민들 사이에서 제기되고 있다. 특히, 한국 은행들이 예대율과 송금 수수료 등 간편하고 손쉬운 사업에서 큰 수익을 창출하고 있어 금리와 각종 수수료를 인하해야 한다는 의견이 설득력있게 대두되고 있다. 국내 상업은행들은 대규모 부실채권 부담 증가뿐만 아니라 경쟁력 저하로 인한 조기 퇴직으로 전문인력 부족 문제에 직면해 있다. 경기 및 부동산 시장 침체기에는 은행들이 예대율과 송금 수수료를 통한 수익 창출이 쉽지 않고, 대부분의 은행대출이 주택담보대출 및 기타 부동산 대출로 구성되어 있어 높은 부실채권 충당금을 유지해야 하는 부담이 더 커진다. 더욱이, 국내 은행들은 낮은 마진과 높은 대손충당금 부담을 극복하기 위해 인력 감축에 나서고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구는 국내 은행의 수익구조 특성과 최근 지적되는 문제점들을 검토하고, 이에 대한 현실적인 개선방안을 제시한다. 또한, 국내 은행산업의 수익구조를 다각화하고 금융감독 시스템을 개선하기 위한 은행의 효율적이고 효과적인 경영전략을 제시한다.
Abstract
There is a critical view by journalism, financial supervision authorities and the public that profits of financial institutes in Korea have increased, despite financial situation of household and firms worsen by the recent hugely increased household credit and economic recession. Specially. an opinion of the necessity that Korean banks have to lower the interest rate and various fees is being significantly raised since they is making lots of profit from the simple and easy business such as lending and deposit rates and a bank remittance charge. In recent times, Korean banks are in face with not only an increased burden of large bad liabilities but also lack of a professional manpower resultant from an early retirement due to a declining competitiveness index. At the time of economic and real-estate market recession, the banks are more likely to have bigger burden to keep the high bad liability allowance because they are fragile in sourcing profits from lending and deposit rates and a bank remittance charge and because their most of their loans consist with residential mortgage loan and other property loans. So, it is the current situation of the domestic banks that is reducing work force to cope with narrow margin and high bad debt allowance. Accordingly, this study reviews the characteristics of domestics banks revenue structure and its problems blamed by public. Also, this study seeks after a feasible solution of domestic banks' problems. To this end, this work bases on reviewing the literature of periodical publications and research papers from a variety of economic research institutes (e.g.., Korean Institute of Finance, the research centers of other financial institutes, Bank of Korea, and the Korea Financial Supervisory Service, and etc.). The domestic banks have to maintain continuous growth and development that are a foundation of driving economic growth through holding optimal ratio of various revenue portfolios including reasonable interest margin and banking fee and through supplying stable financial resource. Therefore, this study analyzes the profit structure of the domestic banking industry and then suggests ways to improve it. In addition, it suggests an efficient and effective management approach of banks in ways to diversify the profit structure of domestic banking industry and improve the financial supervision system.