천미포 왜변과 후기왜구의 상관관계 고찰

Abstract

This paper comprehensively examines the correlation between the Cheonmipo Invasion and the Late-period Japanese pirates(倭寇, Chinese: Wokou, Japanese: Wakou). In May 1552 (the 7th year of King Myeongjong of Joseon, the 31st year of Emperor Jiajing of Ming), a battle erupted when Japanese Pirate Raiders landed at Cheonmipo in Jeju Island. About 30 surviving pirates hid in Hallasan Mountain and later escaped. This incident is referred to as the Cheonmipo Invasion. Since the trade between the southeastern coastal regions of China and Japan became active from the 16th century, and the Late-period Japanese Pirate Raiders began emerging from 1552, the Cheonmipo Invasion is generally presumed to be related to the maritime conditions of the 16th century. However, existing research on the Cheonmipo Invasion has been primarily focused on the analysis of Korean literature, which has limited the accurate understanding of its actuality. Based on such problem awareness, In this paper, examines Zheng Ruozeng’s(鄭若曾) ‘Jiang Nan Jing Lue(江南經略)’ and various Chinese ‘Local Gazettes(地方志)’. In the same year, in July (or May), Japanese pirates appeared in Baoshan (寶山, Gaoqiao Town, Pudong New District, Shanghai), and in July in Taicang Prefecture (太倉州, Taicang City, Jiangsu Province) and Chongming County (崇明縣, Chongming District, Shanghai). It was confirmed that the Japanese pirates who appeared in Chongming County, along with their leader Gong Shiba (龔十八), drifted into Joseon and then escaped. The exact name of the drifting vessel is not mentioned, but through a comparison of the period and personnel found in Korean and Chinese records, it was confirmed that the Japanese pirates who drifted to Cheonmipo in Jeju Island and the Japanese pirates who surrendered from Chongming County were the same group. In 1552, the large-scale invasion of the southeastern coastal areas of China by Japanese pirates began. When Joseon discovered firearms from the ships abandoned by the Japanese pirates, they found that the Japanese pirates had a military expert group when they first landed at Cheonmipo. It has been confirmed that the Japanese pirates that appeared in Baoshan entered Zhejiang Province due to the wind, and it is highly likely that the Japanese pirates who caused the Cheonmipo Incident also drifted while plundering Zhejiang Province. Through this, it can be clearly determined that it is not a simple drifting incident, but an event that is part of the Late Japanese pirate activities in the East Asian waters in the mid-16th century.