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사물인터넷 : 규제의 새로운 패러다임

The Internet of Things : A New Paradigm for Regulation?

박세진|권헌영|김미리
법학연구소 (The Institute of Legal Studies Konkuk University)|2016.05|경제규제와 법|제9권 제1호|pp. 189-214

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규제사물인터넷Regulation디지털경제Internet of ThingsDigital Economy유럽정책European Policy
주제분류법학

초록

사물인터넷(IoT)은 상당한 다양성을 보유하고 각자 상이한 적용 영역에 대하여 개방되어 있으므로, 한 가지의 특정한 기술에 국한될 수 없다. 오히려 그것은 사물의 식별을 가능하게 하는 다양한 기술적 솔루션을 포함하며, 더 나아가그러한 솔루션은 물리적 환경 내에서뿐만 아니라 물리적인환경과 가상의 공간 사이에서의 데이터의 수집, 저장, 처리그리고 전송까지 가능하도록 한다. 모든 구성요소적 시스템들 간의 상호운용성은 거대한 복잡성을 초래한다. 그렇기때문에 주로 고려해야 할 사항은 어떻게 현존하는 기술들을발전시키고 수월하게 연결시켜 통합할 것인가에 관한 것이다. 이러한 일반적인 특징은 IoT의 규제에서 예상되는 특징에 자연스럽게 영향을 받을 수밖에 없다. 첫째로 그것들은요구되는 몇몇의 주요한 기준들의 식별을 포함한다. 둘째, 그것들은 보다 일반적인 기술적 규제들(예: 주파수 관리 혹은 FttH 구성)과 관련한 구체적인 결정들을 다루게 된다. 보다 일반적인 관점에서 그 과정은 수동적 규제에서(사전적혹은 사후적, 대칭적 혹은 비대칭적 여부와 상관없이) 능동적 규제로의 전환을 수반한다. 그것은 정착된 기술을 실용화하는 구조(그리고 현직 구성원들 간의 상응하는 경쟁적이슈들)를 정의하는 것이라기 보다는, 전자통신경제에 중대한 영향을 주는 거대한 신생 영역의 출현을 예측하는 것이라고 할 수 있다. 급격한 기술적 진보라는 맥락에서는 경쟁으로의 시장개방이 명백한 원동력으로 역할을 하였다. 그분야들을 규제하는 것은 혁신적 발전을 저해하기는 커녕, 오히려 기술발전의 장(場) 내지 사실상 기술발전에 대한 중립적 중재자로서의 역할을 수행하였다.

Abstract

application field. Consequently, it cannot be reduced to one specific technology. Rather, it encompasses various technical solutions which enable the identification of objects and which collect, store, process and transfer data not only in physical environments but also between physical contexts and virtual worlds. Interoperability between the all the components’ systems creates a great deal of complexity. The major concern is thus how to improve and better connect and integrate existing technologies. These generic features naturally weigh on the characteristics to be expected from regulation of the IoT. They include, first, the identification of some major guidelines requested by. Secondly, they address specific decisions related to more general technological regulation (spectrum management or FttH architecture, for instance). From a more general perspective, the process assumes a shift from ‘reactive’ regulation (whether ex ante or ex post, symmetric or asymmetric) to ‘proactive’ one. It is less about defining the architecture of the rollout of settled technologies (and the corresponding competitive issues between incumbents), than anticipating the emergence of a massive deep-emerging sector with significant impacts on the economy of electronic communications. In this context of rapid technological progress, opening markets to competition acted as a clear driving force. Far from impeding innovation development, regulating the sector actually served as something of a neutral arbitrator for technological developments, if not actually a breeding ground for them.

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