7세기 중반 탐라의 외교 행보

Abstract

This paper traces the diplomatic steps Tamna pursued against the Tang, Silla, and Japan(Wae) in response to changes in the situation on the Korean Peninsula after the fall of Baekje in 660, and examines its background and meaning. Tamna maintained a ‘tribute-chaekbong relationship’ until the 6th and early 7th centuries after establishing a relationship with Baekje in the late 5th century. Tamna made this choice for economic reasons. Tamna needed a trading partner for iron weapons, prestige goods, agricultural equipment and tools, and lacked grain production such as food. The most important import item was salt. The fall of Baekje meant that Tamna’s major trading partners had disappeared. For Tamna, it was urgent to find an alternative. Tamna’s diplomatic moves since 661 should take this background into account. Japan was the first country where Tamna sought diplomatic relations after the fall of Baekje. On May 23, 661, Tamna sent a prince Apagi to Japan for the first time to pay tribute. In 661.8, Yuridora, king of Tamna, sent an envoy to Tang to pay tribute to local products. In 662.2, the next opponent of Tamna diplomacy was Silla. Tamna visited Silla because it was urgent to search for the situation of Silla and Tang. Tamna sought to form a new type of tribute and chaekbong relationship with Silla, like the Tamna Baekje relationship, where the king and Dodongyum-ryul went to the Silla capital to celebrate the accession of King Munmu. The turning point at which the Baekje Revival Movement ended in failure was the Battle of the Baekgang River(663.8). The Battle of Baekgang River unfolded in the form of a confrontation between Silla and Tang Allied Forces, Baekje Revival Army, and Japan. The result of the battle resulted in the complete defeat of Wae and Baekje Revival forces, where 400 Wae’s naval ships burned. However, there is a record of Tamna participating in the Battle of Baekgang River from the Baekje Revival Army side. Tamna participated in the Battle of the Baekgang River because King Pung also requested Tamna to send troops to Goguryeo and Waeguk in June 663. Tamna would have sent naval troops mainly. Tamna’s participation in the Battle of the Baekgang River influenced the direction of Tamna’s foreign relations. Tamna continues to be involved in the Mt. Chwiri gathering(665.8) and Taishan Bongseon ritual(666.1) between Baekje and Silla. In July 664, Emperor Gojong of the Tang declared the ceremony of Bongseon in Taishan in January 666. In October 665, when King Gojong departed the eastern capital(Luoyang) to go to Taishan, Goguryeo, Baekje, Silla, and Wae took steps together. Two gathering between Silla and Baekje, which were held in February 664 and August 665, were also suspended in advance for the holding of the Bongseon. After the Mt. Chwiri gathering, Yu In-gwe led envoys from four countries, Silla, Baekje, Tamna, and Wae, to Tang to attend the Bongseon. Baekje participated in Buyeo Yoong’s Taishan Bongseon. Silla dispatched King Munmu’s younger brother Kim In-moon, and Goguryeo dispatched King Bojang’s Prince Boknam. If you look at the representatives of each country who participated in the Bongseon, Tamna would have sent an important person. One of the Apagi and Kumagi, the princes of Tamna at the time, would have led the Tamna mission. Tamna was in a position as a state standing on the Baekje side along with the Wae. However, Tamna is described in various records as an independent state with an equal existence to the Three Kingdoms and the Wae. This shows that the Tang recognized Tamna as an independent country. Tamna personally felt the international situation through her participation in the Bongseon in Taishan. In addition, Tamna discussed the future direction of diplomacy by interacting with various countries participating in the bongseon.