』국의 법과 대중문화 속에 나타난 후천성면역결핍증환자의 차별과 평등권 문제
Discrimination against Persons with HIV/AIDS in American Law and Popular Culture
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후천성면역결핍증환자에 대한 차별의 사례에 대한 자료와 판례가 절대적으로 부족한 우리나라 현실에서는 이에 대한 논의가 충분히 이루어진 바 없고 더군다나 잠재적 분쟁에 대한 명확한 법적 기준이 마련되어 있지도 않다. 본고는 미국의 법과 대중문화에 나타난 후천성면역결핍증환자의 차별과 평등권 문제를 고찰함으로써 향후 우리나라에서도 발생할 수 있는 법적 분쟁에 대한 바람직한 해법을 제시하고 더 나아가 우리의 관련 입법의 방향을 간접적으로 제안하는 데 목적을 둔다. 이를 위해 우선 1980년대, 즉 전세계적으로 후천성면역결핍증이 “공포적으로” 확산되어 가던 시기에 미국에서 해당 환자들이 재활법상 장애차별금지 규정의 적용을받아 평등권을 보장받기에 이르기까지의 몇 가지 주요 사례를 살펴본다. 특히 뉴욕주 인권국의 관할권에 관한 고찰은 인권보호에 관한 정부의 사법적 권한과 기능이라는 측면에서 매우 시사적인 정보를 주고 있다. 미국에서 후천성면역결핍증환자의 평등권 보호에 관한 사회적 인식이 제고되었음을 증명해 주는 자료는 영화 「필라델피아」에서 볼 수 있는데, 실화를 바탕으로 제작된 이 한 편의 영화가 거둔 상업적 성공은 미국사회에서 1990년대 이후 이루어진‘또 하나의 커밍-아웃’의 법의식적 맥락을 대변해 주고 있다고 하겠다. ‘펜실베니아 에이즈 법률프로젝트’(ALPP)라든지 1990년 제정된 장애미국인법(ADA)의 해당 규정의 해석을 통한 후천성면역결핍증환자의 평등권 보호를 위한 노력 등에 대한 고찰은 결론적으로 이 분야에 있어 우리나라 법제가 기초하고 있는 편견과 무지, 인권보호에 있어서의 소극성 등을 지적하는 데 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.
Abstract
South Korean Government and other public institutions have not paid much attention to persons with HIV/AIDS in terms of human rights or fundamental rights such as right to work without discrimination. The question has been treated only from the healthcare viewpoint. That means the public knowledge of HIV/AIDS in this country still stays in the state that HIV/AIDS was considered as a “black death” pandemic of 20th century. This paper aims to get a shift on the South Korean policy of HIV/AIDS by retracing the experiences of American society where people with HIV/AIDS made through with getting their rights by fighting against prejudice in the 1980-90s. Philadelphia (Jonathan Demme, 1993) gives a good example when we probe into the question: discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS in American law and popular culture. In this Oscar-winning picture, based on a true story of Geoffrey F. Bowers (1954-1987), Andrew Beckett (Tom Hanks), a young lawyer fired from a big law firm on the ground of his “incompetence”, proves in the court of justice that he is in fact a victim of prejudice of homosexuality and HIV/AIDS. The movie depicts not only the victory of our hero, but also a shift of public consciousness that may be sensed therein regarding the disabled people’s equality rights. To the legal analysis of the picture’s narrative are added in this paper some remarks on the AIDS Law Project of Pennsylvania (ALPP) and articles of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) which are applicable to the question of discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS.
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