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자유의지에 대한 Libet의 연구와 후속 연구들- 신경과학적 발견이 형법에 주는 시사점을 중심으로 -

A Critical Review on Libet’s Work and Follow-up Studies on Free Will- Implications of Neuroscientific Research on Criminal Law -

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법학연구소 (The Institute of Legal Studies Konkuk University)|2011.09|서울대학교 법학|제52권 제3호|pp. 477-510

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키워드

형법intention의도자유의지free will신경과학리벳Libetneurosciecnecrimial laws
주제분류법학

초록

자유의지의 존재에 대한 논쟁은 철학에서는 물론 법적 판단에서 책임론과 관련되어 법학에서도 다루어지고 있다. 이들은 주로 개념적 분석이나 당위성 등을 전제로한 사변적 논의였다. 그런데 이 주제에 대한 신경과학적 연구가 진행되면서 논쟁에참여하는 연구자의 범위가 확장되고 있다. Libet, Gleason, Wright, & Pearl (1983)의 연구는 그 중요한 시발점이다. 이 연구자들은 뇌활동과 의식적 의도간의 관련성을 측정한 결과를 바탕으로, 우리의 행동은 물론 그 행동을 하고자 하는 의식적 의도도 그에 선행하는 무의식적 뇌 활동에서 비롯된다고 주장하였다. 본 고에서는 Libet 등의 연구를 간략히 살펴본 후, 후속 연구를 통해 밝혀진 문제점을 절차상의 문제와 Libet 등의 가정에서의 문제로 나누어 살펴보았다. 또한 Libet 등의 연구 결과를 포함하여 신경과학적 발견을 법조계에서 수용하는 방식에 대한 몇 가지 제안을 하였다.

Abstract

The debate on the existence of the free will is active not only in philosophical circles but in various other disciplines, especially in relation to the issue of responsibility. The ongoing debate have mainly focused on conceptual analysis or speculative discussions based on moral responsibility. Recently, however, the realm of this debate has greatly expanded with researchers in neuroscience joining in the discussion. The neurophysiological research on free will was pioneered by Libet and his colleagues (Libet, Gleason, Wright, & Perarl (1983)). They presented a paradigm for studying the relationship between brain activity and consciousness and found that what we call “decisions” or “intentions” are actually mental states caused by non- conscious neural events. In this paper, Libet et al.’s main claims are briefly reviewed, and arguments against Libet et al.’s conclusions, raised by follow-up studies, are examined. These arguments include critiques on methodological issues as well as assumptions taken by Libet. Furthermore, implications and possible applications of neurological findings on criminal laws are discussed.

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