일선관료의 감정노동이 직무만족에 미치는 영향: 직무소진의 매개효과 탐색
Exploring a Mediating Role of Job Burnout: A Study of the Relationship between Emotional Labor and Job Satisfaction in Korean Street-level Bureaucrats
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참고문헌
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초록
본 연구는 비교적 다양한 직렬에 종사하는 지방의 일선공무원(일반행정, 경찰, 소방, 보건)들을 대상으로 일선관료가 경험하는 감정노동이 직무만족에 미치는 영향을 검증하고자 하였다. 특히 감정노동의 수행전략인 표면행위와 내면행위에 초점을 두고 직무소진이 감정노동과 직무만족의 관계에서 어떤 역할을 하는지 구체화하였다. 분석결과 다수 선행연구에서 발견된 표면행위와 직무소진의 정의 관계 및 내면행위와 직무소진의 부의 관계, 또한 내면행위와 직무만족의 정의 관계 및 직무소진과 직무만족의 부의 관계를 확증하였다. 표면행위의 수행은 감정부조화의 경험을 포함하고 이는 감정자원을 소진시켜 직무소진을 일으키는데 매우 중요한 영향을 미쳤으며, 또한 직무소진을 매개로 직무만족도를 낮추는 것으로 확인되었다. 반면, 내면행위의 수행은 직무상 요구되는 감정과 실제 감정을 일치시키는 과정에서 감정부조화를 최소화하고 감정적 노력을 기울이는 과정에서 성취감을 형성하며 감정자원의 고갈을 방지할 수 있어 결과적으로 직무소진을 방지하고 직무만족도를 제고하는 것으로 나타난다. 추가적으로 본 연구의 분석모형을 직렬별로 분석한 결과 모든 집단에서 직무소진이 감정노동과 직무만족의 관계를 매개하지만 감정노동의 구체적 전략에서 차이를 보였는데, 일반행정, 소방, 보건(간호)공무원의 경우 표면행위, 경찰공무원의 경우 내면행위와 직무만족의 관계를 직무소진이 매개하는 것으로 드러났다. 본 연구는 감정노동의 수행전략과 직무만족의 관계에서 직무소진의 매개효과를 조명함으로써 표면행위 및 내면행위가 각각 직무소진을 통하여 직무만족에 미치는 영향을 구체화했다는 의의를 지닌다.
Abstract
Emotional labor of public sector employees has been given increasing attention from scholars and practitioners in the context of the New Public Management reform and its emphasis on customer-orientation. This study examines the impact of emotional labor on job satisfaction of Korean street-level bureaucrats. By focusing on surface acting and deep acting strategies of emotional labor, the mediating role of job burnout is investigated in relation with emotional labor and job satisfaction. Findings show (1) a positive relationship between surface acting and job burnout; (2) a negative relationship between deep acting and job burnout; (3) a positive relationship between deep acting and job satisfaction; and (4) a negative relationship between job burnout and job satisfaction. Street-level bureaucrats’ surface acting involves emotional dissonance which drains emotional resources and induces job burnout. On the other hand, deep acting minimizes emotional dissonance and job burnout, thus enhancing job satisfaction. Additional analysis across job series also indicates a mediating role of job burnout in the relationship between emotional labor and job satisfaction. Findings show that for general administrative officials, firefighting officers, and public nurses, job burnout mediates the relationship between surface acting and job satisfaction. Moreover, in the case of police officers, job burnout mediates the relationship between deep acting and job satisfaction.
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