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공공봉사동기와 성과중심 보상제도에 대한 인식이 성과에 미치는 영향: 공직봉사동기의 구축효과에 대한 실증분석

The Effect of Public Service Motivation and Performance-related Rewards on Performance: Empirical Analysis of Crowding-out of PSM

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초록

본 연구는 내재적 동기로서의 공공봉사동기와 외재적 보상으로서의 성과중심 보상제도에 대한 인식이 성과에 미치는 영향 및 효과에 대해 살펴보고, 성과중심 보상이 공공봉사동기와 같은 내재적 동기부여를 구축한다는 일부 학계의 주장에 대해 실증적 분석을 시도하였다. 구체적으로 내재적 동기부여의 구축효과와 관련하여 성과중심 보상이 ‘공공봉사동기가 성과에 미치는 영향’을 부정적으로 조절하는지 검증하였다. 가설검증을 위해 1,800명의 중앙공무원을 대상으로 한 설문조사 결과를 활용하여 위계적 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 분석결과, 개인성과와 조직성과 두 모형 모두에 공공봉사동기로서 정치에 대한 호감도, 헌신, 국민의무와 같은 내재적 요인과 성과중심 보상이 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 각 변수의 영향정도는 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 두 모형 공히 성과중심보상의 영향력이 가장 큰 것으로 나타났으며, 조직성과에서는 성과중심보상의 베타 값 크기가 다른 독립변수에 비해 약 세 배정도 높은 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 공공봉사동기의 구축효과를 의미하는 부정적 조절효과는 두 모형 모두에서 확인하기 어려웠다. 오히려 개인생산성의 경우 ‘국민의무’에 대한 성과중심 보상의 조절효과는 긍정적인 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 공공봉사동기의 한 차원으로서 관심의 대상이 되지 못했던 ‘정치 또는 정책에 대한 공무원의 호감도’가 업무생산성에 영향을 미칠 수 있다는 점과 공정한 성과중심 보상제도가 국민의무라는 공공봉사동기와 조화롭게 내재화될 때 오히려 긍정적 시너지 효과를 낼 수도 있다는 가능성을 시사하고 있다.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Public Service Motivation (PSM) as intrinsic motivation and performance-related reward (PRR) as extrinsic motivation on performance and to test empirically crowding-out of PSM, which has been proposed as a negative effect of PRR by some literature. Regarding to crowding-out effect of motivation, we test whether PRR negatively moderates the effect of PSM on performance. Using the survey conducted on 1,800 Korean central government officials in 2015, this study tests the relationship using hierarchical regressions. The result shows that intrinsic factors such as attraction to politics, commitment and civic duty and the extrinsic factor, PRR has positive influence on both personal and organizational performance, however the extent of effects varies according to variables. In both models, the effect of PRR is highest and the beta coefficient of PRR on organizational performance is three times as big as those of other variables. However, the negative moderating effect, which means the crowding-out effect of PSM, cannot be verified in both models. On the contrary, PRR positively moderates the effect of civic duty on personal performance. This study reveals that attraction to politics, which has received less attention than other constructs of PSM, have a positive effect on productivity, and suggests that the crowding-out effect of PSM might not be the reason for rejection of adopting PRR in the public sector and it is possible for civic duty to improve performance when considered simultaneously with PRR.

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