원효의 계율관

Abstract

The precepts(Śila) are essential elements to reach the ultimate goal in Buddhism. Without proper obedience to the precepts, the ideals of Buddhism cannot be accomplished. For Wonhyo, the reason the precepts are important is laid on here. The matter which precept scripture he regarded as important was hard to tell. Rather, he was looking for a balance rather than lay emphasis on one specific sutra. By synthesizing many scriptures, he considered both Brahmajala-Śila(梵網戒) and Yogacara-Śila(瑜伽戒) in Mahayana Buddhism as important. Although, he didn’t only consider Mahayana-Śila(大乘戒). He also lay eyes on Hinayana Buddhism. This agrees with Wonhyo’s basic position considering harmony heavily. Wonhyo said, “Bodhisativa-Śila(菩薩戒) is a port to return to the root going upstream, and it is a significant door to throw narrow personal things and to have right things” in Bosalgaebonjibeomyogi.(菩薩戒本持犯要記) It was the stance that emphasizes on the fundamental ideas of the precepts rather institutional and formal aspect of it. Therefore, his precepts interpretation underlines minds. He stressed on that the attitude to follow precepts outwardly can be dislocated from the root ideas of the precepts. He strongly criticized the reality at that time and this is the most important aspect of him. This leads in the One Mind that has been recognized as his fundamental thoughts. This is regarded as the precept interpretation based on the One Mind. The precepts are supposed to be predicated on the harmonized mind. On the other hand, the precepts help to reach the One Mind. Through the precepts, it became possible to return to the origin of the One Mind. On the other side, the precepts, especially in Mahayana Buddhism, the important thing is to free all beings from suffering. If the action came from the heart to save living things, it doesn’t go against the precepts even though it looks like, hence, the action becomes a good deed. He emphasized on that the precepts are more than simple virtue for enlightenment, and Mahayana’s eventual purpose is to save all creatures. For the next, in the problem of leaving home to enter the priesthood and asceticism in home, “Balsimsuhangjang” (發心修行章) concentrates on priesthood and places emphasis on the importance of priesthood. However, in “Geumgang sammagyeonglon”(金剛三昧經論), it got free from priesthood -oriented stance while emphasizing there is no difference between priesthood and asceticism in home. In conclusion, it can say that Wonhyo viewed the precepts from the position based on the One Mind, reconciliation of many assertions, and saving creatures which are his ideological characteristics.