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기업가적 연구중심대학의 경쟁력 평가: 국내 대학과 해외 대학의 비교 분석

Competitiveness Evaluation of Entrepreneurial Research Universities: A Comparative Analysis of Korean and Foreign Universities

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초록

본 연구는 기업가적 연구중심대학의 경쟁력 관점에서 국내의 유수 연구중심대학과 해외 명문 연구중심대학을 비교 분석한다. 이를 위해서 연구의 학술적 영향력과 같은 전통적 경쟁력뿐만 아니라 연구의 가치 창출과 같은 기업가적 경쟁력 측면을 함께 반영한 지표를 이용하여, 국내⋅외 연구중심대학 간에 경쟁력 차이가 유의한지 통계적으로 분석한다. 실증분석 결과에 따르면, 국내 상위권 연구중심대학들은 해외 상위권 연구중심대학들에 비해서 전반적으로 경쟁력이 낮지만, 대학의 유형과 경쟁력의 세부 지표에 따라서 해외 대학과 비슷한 수준의 경쟁력을 갖기도 하였다. 예를 들어, 국내 연구중심대학은 해외 연구중심대학에 비해서 가치 창출 중 기술이전 수입과 연구기반 창업 성과가 낮다. 국내 종합대학은 해외 종합대학에 비해서 도전적 연구의 전반적 지표에서 경쟁력이 낮지만 혁신적 연구 팀의 일부 지표(국제 공동 연구, 산학 연구), 가치 창출의 일부 지표(기본 특허)에서는 해외 대학과 비슷한 수준의 경쟁력을 갖고 있다. 반면, 국내 이공계 특화대학은 도전적 연구의 일부 지표(최상위 저널 논문 게재, 논문의 피인용도), 혁신적 연구 팀의 일부 지표(연구분야 다중성, 산학 연구), 가치 창출의 일부 지표(연구의 상업적 영향력)에서 해외 이공계 특화대학과 비슷한 수준의 경쟁력을 갖고 있다.

Abstract

This paper comparatively analyzes the competitiveness of Korean and foreign top-level research universities from the perspective of entrepreneurial research university. It evaluates the competitiveness by using indicators for both classical competitiveness, such as academic research impact, and entrepreneurial competitiveness, such as research-based value creation, and statistically tests whether the mean of competitiveness significant differs between the Korean and foreign university groups. Empirical results show the Korean research universities tend to have overall lower competitiveness than foreign ones, but they have comparable competitiveness, depending on types of university and indicators. For example, Korean research universities have lower competitiveness for value creation, measured by technology transfer income and research spin-offs, than foreign ones. The Korean general research universities have lower competitiveness for challenging research, but comparable competitiveness for some indicators of innovation research team (e.g. international collaboration and industry collaboration) and value creation (e.g. basic patents), than corresponding foreign ones. On the contrary, the Korean research universities specialized on science and engineering have comparable competitiveness for some indicators of challenging research (e.g. publications in top journals and citations), innovation research team (e.g. multidisciplinary research and industry collaboration) and for value creation (e.g. commercial impact of research), compared to corresponding foreign ones.

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