트랜스 히스토리(Trans History) - 새로운 역사 분석 범주로서의 트랜스젠더 -
Trans History - Transgender as a New Analytic Category of History -
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이 글은 최근 미국 역사학계에서 논의되기 시작한 새로운 역사 연구 분야 ‘트랜스 히스토리’(Trans History)에 대한 것이다. ‘트랜스 히스토리’란 기본 적으로는 트랜스젠더의 역사를 줄인 말이지만, ‘트랜스젠더’(transgender) 에 한정된 역사 분야이거나 ‘트랜스젠더에 대한 역사’에 국한된 개념도 아니다. 트랜스 히스토리는 성소수자의 역사를 확장하는 차원을 넘어서며, 기존의 여성사, 젠더사, 퀴어사에서 강조되는 정체성의 범위도 초월한다. 왜냐하면 ‘트랜스’(trans)는 그 자체로 인종, 젠더, 섹슈얼리티 등의 정체성 범위를 넘어서는 개념이기 때문이다. 트랜스젠더는 하나의 젠더 정체성을 초월해서 경계를 가로지르는 운동과 실천을 의미하기 때문에, 이제 트랜스젠더는 그 자체로 새로운 역사 분석의 범주가 된다. 더 나아가 역사상 트랜스젠더는 섹스·젠더·섹슈얼리티뿐만 아니라 계급·인종과 같은 다양한 역사적 분석 범주를 가로지르는 교차적인 측면을 보여준다. 다시 말해서, 트랜스 히스토리는 새로운 역사 분석 범주로서 트랜스젠더를 통해 역사학에서 교차성을 실현한 것이라고 할 수 있다. 또한 트랜스 히스토리는 기존에 여성·젠더 사나 퀴어사에서 이론적으로 벗어나고자 했으나 실제로는 벗어나지 못했던 섹스의 본질주의를 벗어난다. 이러한 트랜스 히스토리는 주로 이성애 규범 성 토대 위에 형성되었던 미국 역사를 새로이 이해하고 재구성하는 계기를 제공한다.
Abstract
This article is about a new field of the study called “trans history,” which has recently been discussed in American history. Trans history is basically short for transgender history, but it is not limited to a “transgender” nor the concept limited to “the history of a transgender.” Trans history goes beyond expanding the history of sexual minorities and transcends the scope of identities emphasized in existing women’s, gender and queer history. This is because “trans” itself is a concept that goes beyond the identities of race, gender, sex, etc. Since a transgender means a movement and practice that transcends a gender identity and crosses boundaries, a transgender is now itself a new category of historical analysis. Furthermore, in history, a transgender shows intersectional aspects across various historical analysis categories, such as class and race, as well as sex, gender, and sexuality. In other words, trans history realizes intersectionality in history through a transgender as a new category of historical analysis. In addition, trans history is beyond the essentialism of sex, which has previously sought to theoretically escape from women's, gender, or queer history, but has not actually escaped. This trans history also provides a new understanding and reconstruction of American history, which was formed primarily on the basis of heterosexual normativity.
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