백제 사비기 와적기단 건물지 검토

Abstract

Baekje carried out large scale civil engineering project constructing palace, temple and castle in Buyeo area, the capital and Ilsan area after the transfer of the capital to Sabi. In particular, Wajeok-gidan (Roof tiles-stacked stylobate) is widely known for its unique construction method using various materials to set up the platform, the base of building, and to decorate the exterior using roof tiles. So far, 28 units from 10 sections of Wajeok-gidan building site have been found in Buyeo and Iksan area. Wajeok-gidan is classified into three types: Horizontally-laid type (Type ⓐ), fishbone like-laid type (Type ⓑ), and vertically-laid type (type ⓒ). Type ⓐ has three types: ⓐ-1 is the most widely used type to stack roof tiles evenly on the surface of the foundation. ⓐ-2 is to establish foundation stone by piling up a row of split stone at the bottom on which roof tiles are piled up. And ⓐ-3 is to stack split stones instead of root tiles between the evenly stacked foundation and root tiles. Type ⓑ is to set up female roof tiles in ‘八’ shape, and type ⓒ is to use female roof tiles only to reach the foundation of stylobate at a row without duplicating. Various types Wajeok-gidan building site had been changed in 4stages for its development and decline. Firstly, Wajeok-gidan type building was founded in Gunsurisa temple site and Jeongrimsa temple site in the second quarter of the 6th century after the transfer to Sabi. The external of stylobate was constructed according to ⓐ-1․ⓑ and ⓒ type, and the building was founded simply using roof-tiles stacked stylobate. Buildings adopting type ⓐ-1 and stacking stone type were found in Gwanbukri Baekje relics which was the royal palace, and Neungsanri temple site in the third quarter of the 6th century, which led to the creation of ⓐ-3. Type ⓑ which was adopted beforehand disappeared. In the fourth quarter of the 6th century, double structure of stylobate in Wajeok-gidan was founded at Mt. Geumseong, and type ⓐ-2 was employed at Wangheungsa temple site. Thereafter,many buildings were found in the first and second quarters of the 7th century, in which horizontally laid-type and roof tiles-stacked type were witnessed together. Type ⓒ was found during the whole Sabi period, but it was limitedly used in a small part except in the second quarter of the 6th century.