한국 초기청자 연구의 현황과 문제점

Abstract

Actually, in history of Korean porcelain, it is difficult to find the matter which has a significant meaning as appearance of early celadon (初期靑瓷). It was a historical event to notify that the end of the period for earthenware only and to entry into the porcelain period in the Korean Peninsula. Suitable for its significance, several problems related to early celadon attracted attention of researchers early on. However, still, numerous problems related to early celadon are in controversy. Even for the appearance period of early celadon, showing time gap more than 1 century is the present actuality of early celadon research. At the starting point of this controversy, it is considered that there is the problem of that appearance period. The purpose of this article is to examine results of the research related to early celadon until now focused on the appearance period of early celadon critically under this consciousness on that matter. As for the appearance period of early celadon, the theory of the first half of the 9th century, the theory of the second half of the 9th century, the theory from the late 9th century ~ early 10thcentury, the theory of the first half of the 10th century, the theory of the second half of the 10th century etc have been presented, and still it is in controversy fiercely. Grounds suggested by each view are various; the most essential one could be the comprehension for the bowl with a haemuri-gup(해무리굽완) and so-called the bowl with a seonhaemurigup(선해무리굽완), which is the type as signs of early celadon. Especially, the latter was the type that appeared in the earliest period among early celadon, it is not too much say that recent controversy for the appearance period of early celadon is the controversy for the bowl with a seonhaemuri-gup. That is, the view for the appearance period of early celadon could be changed according to considering the bowl with a seonhaemuri-gup as a system in which period and which type of Yue kiln (越窯) which directly affected the appearance of early celadon. For example, the theory of the first half of the 9th century regards that these types were popular in the first half of the 9th century at Yue kiln, and the theory of the second half of the 10th century considers that those were popular in the late of 10th century at Yue kiln. However, according to recent excavation investigation and research for Yue kiln, the most similar to the bowl with a seonhaemuri-gup in the aspect of modeling and modulation could be the bowl with a bracelet shaped foot (玉環底碗) which was popular in the period of five dynasties in China(907~960). Therefore, it is considered that it is need to start the problem of the appearance period of early celadon on this major premise. Besides, related to problems of the order of early celadon in the southwest area and early celadon in the middle west area, the view that the former precedes in time is common, and related to characters of kiln which produced early celadon, views that those have characters of Jakiso(瓷器所), official kiln(官窯), tribute kiln (貢納窯) and private kiln (私窯) are in controversy. In addition, as for the early white porcelain that appeared slightly later in the period than early celadon,the convincing view that it was influence of the kiln in the northern region in China has been presented, and as for the extinction period of early celadon, it was proved archaeologically that it was continued for a while after getting into 12th century unlike general comprehension until now. It is possible to say that the discussion for early celadon until now has been made up of focusing on the problem of the appearance period. This research tendency exposed a big problem related to the research of early celadon. Being buried under the problem of the appearance period, maybe the more essential problems than the appearance period of early celadon were less concerned such as the process and cause of the appearance of early celadon, aspects of early celadon and its development process, the influences on the entire porcelain culture of Goryeo and since then etc. It is considered that the time to approach to the problems of early celadon from a more various and structural angle out of fetters of the ‘appearance period’that we carry by ourselves. On the other hand, before the appearance of early celadon in Korea, the only country that could produce porcelain in the world was China. It was the period that production of porcelain became to expand other countries besides China gradually with the appearance of early celadon as a starting point. So to speak,the turning point was the appearance of early celadon. In this point, it is possible to say that the appearance of early celadon was an epoch-making event in the development process of world porcelainhistory beyond the event to inform the beginning of Korean porcelain. Nevertheless, it is hard to find the result of research that recognized the problems of appearance of early celadon appropriate for the significance of the world porcelain history. Now, it is considered that it is need to examine early celadon and its appearance problem in the place of discourse of world porcelain history by broadening views.