19세기 말 향촌지배질서 위기에 대한 대응 양상 －전라도 龍潭鄕約을 중심으로－

Abstract

This paper examines threats in governing order of hyangchon, including the spread of Donghak at the end of the 19th century. In addition, the responses of the government and hyangchon communities to resolve the issue was studied as well, focusing on Yongdam Hyangyak in Jeollado Province. Yongdam Hyangyak was implemented in 1893 and was conducted by the forcible press of the Governor of Jellado Province, Kim Munhyun. The primary sources related to Yongdam Hyangyak are 『Yongdamhyeonhyangyakjeolmok(潭縣鄕約節目)』, 『Bonhyeonhyangyakkyurye(本縣鄕約規例)』, 『Hyangyakholgi(鄕約笏記)』, 『Saengsadangwidapbutchihyangyakjeolmok(生祠堂位畓付置鄕約節目)』, etc. Based on these, the analysis results are as follows. First, it is important to pay attention to doyakjang, a chairman of hyangyak, and buyakjang, a vice chairman of hyangyak, among the executives of Yongdam Hyangyak. The Governor of Jeollado Province, Kim Moonhyun took the role of doyakjang, and buyakjang was the mayor of Yongdamhyeon, Oh Jeong Seon. This type of structure is different from other regions of Jeollado province at that time. It is considered that Yongdam hyangyak had not enough aristocrats to support its operation. Second, Yongdam hyangyak enforced the recording of virtue and vice at the periodic hyangyak meetings. It was intended to have villagers understand the order of Neo-Confucian from these meetings. Third, Yongdam Hyangyak presented a standard for a person who should be excluded from the list of Hyangyak through 「mulheoibjeogjil(勿許入籍秩)」. Through this, villagers were classified by the group who conformed to the traditional order and those did not, as well as those related to Donghak. Lastly, for the continuous operation, Yongdam Hyangyak was financed from the crop of saengsadangwidap(生祠堂位畓) which is a farm to support saengsadang shrine. In other words, only a part of the harvest of Saengsadangwidap was used for the operation of Saengsadang, and the remaining yields were used for Chunchu Gangsinhoe of Hyangyak.