1930년대 전라남도 향약의운영 양상과 성격변화－「鄕約事業補助事業」과 「地方改良補助關係」를 중심으로－

Abstract

This research studies what kind of influences does the misuse of Hyangyak Policy of Japanese Government General of Korea during the period of Japanese Colonial Era has on the operation of Hyangyak focusing on 10 Hayngyak organizations in Jeolanamdo operated in the 1930’s that can be confirmed from 「Document of Aid for Hyangyak Project」(「鄕約事業補助事業」) and 「Relations in Aid for Improvement of Province」(「地方改良補助關係」). First, to examine the misuse of the rules of Hyangyak, codes that were emphasized under the ruling of Japanese Empire based on the 4 major codes were added or bylaws were established to the existing codes of Hayngyak organizations that had organized at the end of Joseon period but were not actively operated or reclined at a certain time and reinstituted such as Deaheunghoe, Kwangramgye, NamyangmyonHyangyakgye, DohwamyonHyangyakgye, BuchunHayngyak, DanyangHayngyak. Especially, in case of GuryeHangyak and KwangjuHayngyak that were established in the 1930’s, the misuse of the codes of Hayngyak was greater than other Hyangyak organizations. On the other hand, from Gyrimridaedonggye and Yangguadonggye, which were operated from the end of Joseon Period to the Japanese Colonial Era, the major changes in codes and bylaws were not found. It can be concluded that even though the Japanese Empire paid attention to Hyangyak and misuse it to reinforce the colonial ruling, it wasn’t easy to change the codes that were continued from the end of Joseon period. Next to examine the operation of Hyangyak organizations, in case of the project that Hayngyak organizations were conducted, in most Hayngyak organizations prizes were awarded to a person did a good deed and fulfilled duty to parents or country, which were practiced from traditional Hayngyak. Considering Hyangyak in Jeseon period had encouraged on performing good deed to reform the public, the fact that good deed that was promoted by Hyangyak in Japanses Colonial Era was the same as Joseon period proves that Japanese Government General of Korea tried to utilize Hyangyak to reform the public. Other than giving awards to the people performing good deed, nursing for elderlies and poor promoted by Hyangyak in Joseon can be found in most Hyangyak. Also, the projects to build the meeting houses and rice storages and to purchase the ceremonial supplies were emphasized. It can be confirmed not only in Hyangyak organizations but also in Cheongnyenhoe, union of Rural Improvement and Aerimgye in Jeolanamdo on which Hyangyak spirit was stressed. Besides, new projects were conducted such as to improve Village School and to create meeting for married women were conducted. This proves that it is closely related to the Rural Development Movement and Movement for Improvement of Living Condition that were implemented by Japanese Empire in the 1930’s.