1960~70년대 한국의 대중사회화와 대중문화의 정치적 의미

Abstract

In modern Korean history, 1960s~1970s was the period when Korean society started to turn into a mass society. The mass media including newspaper, magazine, radio and television were organized institutionally in 1960s and the social system in which mass enjoyed popular culture was established systematically in 1970s. The Mass-Society Debate and the discourse on popular culture of intellectuals criticized the Korean mass because their enjoyment of popular culture contributed to justification of totalitarianism and compulsory mobilization of the dictatorship. But some literary texts captured diverse aspects that the mass stood against the ruling ideology in their enjoyment of popular culture. Literary texts written by Lee Chungjoon, Lee Hochul, Park Wanseo circuitously showed that the discourse denouncing the vulgar popular culture of TV, radio, weekly magazine was bourgeois male's strategy in order to regulate the social others like women, juvenile and the rabble. They also represented unconsciousness of mass. That's to say, the aspects that popular culture played roles in resisting the social purification discourse and in ridiculing the rigorism of social atmosphere. It showed that popular culture was not only an intermediation to make the mass express their political attitude but also a ordinary field where ruling stratum was fulfilled. The reason why popular culture in those days functioned as a resistance stemmed from that mass mentality was connected with unconscious rejection to social suppressive system. The political meaning of mass in 1960s~1970s was that they were places to show the unconsciously resistant attitude.