유신체제의 대중인식과 동원 담론

Abstract

This study is aimed to clarify Park Chunghee regime's mass politics and mass mobilization in 1970s. South Korea began to be transformed to mass society through the rapid industrialization and urbanization in 1960s. Park Chunghee reigime had to obey democratic procedure and thus they were inclined to reinforce their mass politics for the election. Even though Park chunghee recognized mass as something incredible and fearful, he could not deny mass politics at that time. In early 1970s, Park Chunghee regime was transformed to Yusin Regime which was quasi fascism and their mass politics was changed greatly. Rapid industrialization gave rise to new social antagonisms and confrontations which Park Chunghee regime had to solve. Therefore they seleted ‘nonpolical politics of mass mobilzation’ instead of unpredictable election. Saemaulundong(Nwe Town Movement) was a typical example of it. State could get the control power for agricultural reproduction process and began to interpellate peasants as a national subject. The interpellation was efficient quite. These processes were nation buildings of South Korea. In other words, national economy began to be established and formation of national subjects got warmed into work. Park Chunghee regime grasped democracy as a politics of homogenization and intended utilize as a machanism of mass mobilization. Even though there are so many disputes over the mass politics and mass mobilization of Park Chunghee regime, it seems to be apparent that their influence on Korean society including the opponent is enormous and ineffaceable. The public who was cynical on agitation and propaganda of Park Chunghee regime could not get out of life style which was formed by them. Even the stubborn opponents are not free from the counter- identification of Park Chunghee regime. In short, the failed aspect as well as successive aspect of Park Chunghee regime are parts of Korean society today.