우울경향 대학생에 대한 인지적 탈융합 개입의 효과: 주의분산 개입 및 무처치 통제조건과의 비교
Effects of a Cognitive Defusion Intervention for Undergraduates with Depressive Symptoms Compared with a Distraction Intervention and Non-Treatment Control Conditions
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초록
본 연구는 인지적 탈융합 개입이 우울경향 대학생의 인지변인(부정적인 자동적 사고를 사실로 믿는 정도 및 빈도, 자기-참조적 사고에 대한정서적 불편감 및 이를 사실로 믿는 정도), 수용전념치료의 과정변인(심리적 유연성 부족, 반추, 탈중심화), 정신건강변인(우울증상, 적응기능곤란, 정신적 웰빙)을 개선하는 데 효과적인지 검증하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 경도 이상의 우울한 대학생 42명을 인지적 탈융합 개입조건(n=15), 주의분산 개입조건(n=15), 무처치 통제집단(n=12)에 무선 할당하였다. 인지적 탈융합, 주의분산 개입조건은 3회기(주 1회, 회기 당 60–90분)로 진행되었다. 모든 참가자들을 대상으로 사전, 종결 후 3일 시점, 그리고 종결 후 2주 시점에 관련 척도들을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 인지적 탈융합 개입이 참가자들의 부정적인 자동적 사고를 사실로 믿는 정도를 감소시키는데 있어 주의분산 개입과 무처치 통제집단에 비해 효과적이었다. 또한 심리적 유연성 부족, 반추 수준을 감소시키고 탈중심화 수준을 증진하는 데 있어 무처치 통제집단에 비해효과적이었다. 이러한 효과는 종결 2주 후에도 지속되는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 조건 간 효과크기를 분석한 결과, 인지적 탈융합 개입은 다른 두조건들에 비해서 우울증상과 부정적인 자동적 사고의 빈도에서 큰 효과크기를 보였다. 결론적으로, 본 연구의 결과들은 인지적 탈융합 개입이 우울경향 대학생들을 위한 유용한 효과적인 개입임을 시사한다.
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to examine the effects of a cognitive defusion intervention for undergraduates with depressive symptoms. Forty-two undergraduates who showed mild or more severe depression were randomly allocated to one of three conditions: cognitive defusion (n= 15), distraction (n= 15), or a non-treatment control (n= 12). The two active interventions (cognitive defusion and distraction interventions) consisted of three weekly 60- or 90-minute-long sessions. The cognitive defusion intervention group showed significantly greater reductions in the believability of negative automatic thoughts than did the distraction intervention and control groups. Also, the cognitive defusion intervention group showed greater reductions in psychological inflexibility and rumination and greater increases in decentering than the control group. These improvements were maintained at a 2-week follow-up. Effect size analyses indicated that the cognitive defusion intervention group showed larger effect sizes for depressive symptoms and frequency of negative automatic thoughts than the distraction or control groups. In conclusion, these results suggest that cognitive defusion intervention is an effective treatment for undergraduates with depressive symptoms. Lastly, the implications and limitations of this study are discussed.
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