영국의 유럽자유무역지대의 구상과 내부 논의
British Discussion about European Free Trade Area
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유럽통합의 역사에 있어서 영국은 대륙의 국가들과 비교하여 특별한 태도를 보여주었다. 1957년 유럽 대륙의 6개국이 유럽경제공동체를 창설하였을 때, 왜 영국은 유럽경제공동체에는 가담하지 않고 유럽자유무역지대의 창설을 제안해야만 했는가? 당시 영국이 이해하였던 영국의 정치, 경제적 이해관계의 실체는 무엇이었는가? 이 논문은 1950년대 후반 영국이 제안한 유럽자유무역지대 구상에 관한 영국 내부의 논쟁―의회토론―의 한 예를 통하여 유럽통합을 향한 영국의 특별한 태도의 한 단면을 조명하려는 목적을 가지고 있다. 유럽자유무역지대를 창설하려는 영국의 노력의 실패는 세계강국으로서의 역할을 여전히 강조하였던 1950년대의 영국이 대륙주도의 초국가적 유럽통합 운동과 함께할 수 있는 명확한 한계선을 확인시켜 주었다. 유럽통합에 있어서 정부간 협력주의의 원칙을 고수한 1950년대 영국의 외교는 실패의 쓰라림을 맛보아야 했다. 그 결과 1960년대 영국은 1950년대에는 그들에게 유리한 조건으로 가입할 수도 있었던 유럽경제공동체에 가입하기 위해 두 번의 좌절을 겪어야만 했다.
Abstract
In the history of European integration Britain has shown a special attitude in comparison with the continental states. Why Britain did not take part in the European Economic Community in 1957, but should propose the founding of the European Free Trade Area to the other European States? What was the real political and economic interests of Britain at that time? This article tries to illuminate this special British attitude towards Europe through the example of British discussion about the plan of the European Free Trade Area in the second half of 1950th. Ministries of economic affairs thought that in the view of British economic interests Britain should active take part in the process of establishing common market, in which six continental European states take initiative. But Foreign Office held the view that the British status as a world power did not allow her entrance to the common market and could assert itself successfully. The House of Commons supported the plan of European Free Trade Area which has been developed as British alternative to the plan of European Economic Community roughly for two reasons. First, this British alternative was regarded as a rescue to prevent the British economy losing competitiveness in Europe, if the common market of six states without Britain were established. Second, it was thought that the European Free Trade Area could make it possible, to steer the European integration not to the supranational direction which continental states prefer, but to the intergovernmental direction to which the British give preference. The Britain with the support of united Europe, it was thought, could strengthen the status as a world power. To the continental Europeans, especially to the French, appeared this British attitude as an egoistic attempt that adjust efforts of continental states for the European integration to British own interests. So failed the British attempt to establish the European Free Trade Area. This failure showed clearly the limit of British engagement to Europe in the 1950th years when the British role of world power was still stressed. At the same time failed the British foreign policy to lead Europe. As the result must Britain suffer twice a setback in the 1960th to become a member of the European Economic Community.
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