빅토리아 중기 여성 담론의 공적 출현―『잉글리시 우먼스 저널』을 중심으로―
The Public Advent of Discourses on Women in the Mid-Victorian Period―With Special Reference to The English Woman’s Journal―
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본고는 중기 빅토리아 시대에 여성들이 인쇄 미디어로 연결된 수사학적 공적 영역에서 여성 담론을 형성하며 사회 변화를 유도하는 주체자로서 공적으로 출현하고 있었던 현상을 주목한다. 『잉글리시 우먼스 저널』은 여성이란 젠더를 표면화하는 정기간행물 가운데 처음으로 ‘여성을 위한, 여성에 의한’ 정기간행물로서 여성들에 대한 당대 사회의식의 변환을 유도하며 자신들의 주장을 펼친 담론을 중심으로 한 수사학적 공적 영역을 형성하고 주도하였다. 『잉글리시 우먼스 저널』은 여성들에게 정치·사회·문화·경제 담론들에 참가할 수 있는 지속적인 기회를 제공하면서, 빅토리아 사회 전반에 존재하던 고정관념적인 의식을 비판하고 변화시킬 것을 주창하였다. 저널에서 드러내고자 했던 담론의 수사들은 당대 주요 언론에 몸담고 있던 남녀 저널리스트들로 하여금 여성과 관련된 문제들에 주목 및 동참하게 하였다. 그렇게 함으로써 빅토리아 사회에서 하찮은 영역으로 여겨지던 여성의 문제가 개혁의 주요 아젠다로서 공개적으로 토론되며 사적 담론에서 공적 담론으로 여성 담론의 역사적 이동을 만들어 내었다. 『잉글리시 우먼스 저널』은 여성들로 하여금 수사학적 공적 영역의 일원으로 자신들의 문제를 인식하고 공론화하는 적극적 주체자로 서게 하였으며, 후에 오는 본격적인 페미니스트 운동에 그 지표가 되는 역사적 중요성을 갖는다.
Abstract
This study focuses on the phenomenon that women appeared in public as an agent deriving social changes with the discourse in rhetorical sphere connected by the printed media. The English Woman’s Journal by the Langham Place Circle, the first periodical ‘for women and by women,’ in which female gender comes to the surface, lead to build a discursive rhetorical sphere trying to assert women’s rights and interests as well as to change social consciousness on women in Victorian period. The Langham Place Circle provided women continuous opportunities to participate in public discourses on political, social, cultural, and economical issues, and proposed to change stereotypical consciousness on women in the Victorian society. The discourses on Women Question stated in the Journal, attracted male and female journalists in the major journals of the day and became important social issues. On this progress, a historical shift of discourse on woman was made from private discourse to public one. The discourse on women which was considered as marginalized one became an important agenda to compose public arguments to make social reforms. The English Woman’s Journal made women be aware of and publicize actively their own problems as members in rhetorical public sphere and achieve a historical importance as a cornerstone for the full-fledged feminists’ movement in the later stage.
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