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영국의 인도 약탈과 ‘티푸의 호랑이 (Tipu’s Tiger)’에 내재된 영국의 제국주의

The Plunder of India and British Imperialism in the ‘Tipu’s Tiger’

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초록

서구 열강들은 19세기에 그들의 제국을 확장하는 과정에서 수많은 문화재들을 약탈했다. 제국이 그 문화재를 전시한다는 것은 단순히 유물을 시각적으로 보여주는 행위를 넘어 그 유물을 둘러싼 역사적 맥락까지 전시하는 것이었다. 즉, 약탈 문화재를 대중에 공개하는 것은 제국의 승리를 과시하고 정복 전쟁을 정당화하는 중요한 수단이었다. 본 논문은 문화재의 이러한 역할에 주목하여 영국이 인도를 정복하는 과정에서 약탈한 티푸 술탄의 유산인 ‘티푸의 호랑이’가 영제국의 선전에 어떻게 이용되었는지를 살펴본다. 그리고 이로 인해 형성된 티푸의 부정적 이미지와는 달리, ‘동방의 권력자’라는 그의 또 다른 이미지가 영국의 상류층에서 어떻게 전유되었는지를 19세기 신문기사를 통해 고찰해보고자 한다. 이러한 작업은 궁극적으로 영국이 인도 약탈을 통해 제국의 역사 내내 이어질 약탈 문화재의 제국주의적 활용 방식의 원형을 만들었음을 보여주고자 하는 것이다.

Abstract

The Western powers plundered and displayed large numbers of cultural properties in the course of the expansion of empires in 19th century. The empires displayed historical context beyond merely displaying the objects itself. That is, opening looted cultural properties to the public was an important means to show off their victory and justify their wars of conquest. This study focuses on this function of cultural property, and examines how the British empire made use of propaganda to support the war against the Mysore Kingdom in India by displaying ‘Tipu’s Tiger’ the East India Company plundered. Furthermore, it analyzes how another positive image of Tipu sultan, ‘the powerful man in the East’ was appropriated by the upper classes of the British empire through 19th-century newspapers. This work aims to show that the British empire created the prototype of displaying plundered objects for imperial propaganda from the conquest of India, which would continue this process throughout the imperial period.

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