19세기 말 영국의 박물관과 제국주의: 박물관 협회와 『뮤지엄 저널』을 중심으로
British Museums and Imperialism in the Late 19th Century: Focusing on the Museums Association and Museums Journal
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박물관 협회(Museums Association)는 박물관 간의 교류를 촉진하기 위해 1889년 영국 요크(York)에서 설립된 단체로 1901년부터 『뮤지엄 저널』(The Museums Journal)을 발간하고 있다. 당대의 많은 박물관 관계자들이 박물관에 관한 의견을 활발히 교환했던 『뮤지엄 저널』은 19세기 말 영국의 박물관을 연구하는 데 있어서 핵심적인 사료라고 할 수 있다. 본 논문은 『뮤지엄 저널』에 대한 분석을 통해 19세기 말 영국의 박물관이 영제국의 확산과 유지에 얼마만큼 적극적으로 관여했는지 살펴보고자 한다. 『뮤지엄 저널』은 유럽 중심주의의 여러 사례를 보여줄 뿐만 아니라 에드워드 사이드(Edward W. Said)의 표현과 같이 “모든 것을 가차 없이 분류하고 관찰”하려 했던 문화 제국주의의 양상을 매우 구체적이고 직접적으로 보여주기 때문이다. 박물관 협회와 『뮤지엄 저널』이 19세기 영국의 박물관사에서 가지는 의미가 상당함에도 『뮤지엄 저널』자체가 분석의 대상이 된 경우는 없었는데 본 논문을 통해 박물관의 제국주의적 분석에 있어서 『뮤지엄 저널』이 가지고 있는 사료로서의 가치를 탐색하고자 한다.
Abstract
Museums Association was founded in 1889 in York, England, to promote exchanges between museums and has published Museums Journal since 1901. Museums Journal, in which many museum workers of the time actively exchanged opinions on museums, is an important source for the study of museums in England at the end of the 19th century. This research attempts to examine how actively British museums were involved in the spread of imperialism and the maintenance of the British Empire at the end of the 19th century through the analysis of Museums Journal. This publication illustrates several examples of Euro-centrism, as well as explicit aspects of cultural imperialism, which, as Edward W. Said put it, “relentlessly codified and observed everything." Although Museums Association and Museums Journal played an important part in the history of museums in the 19th century, Museums Journal itself has not been scrutinized thoroughly yet. Thus, this paper will explore the value of Museums Journal as a historical material for the analysis of British museums in terms of imperialism.
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