‘제국’ 이후의 (영국)미술사 쓰기
Writing (British) Art History after ‘Empire’
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이 글은 영국미술사 분야의 새로운 연구 경향을 검토하고, 포스트 식민주의 맥락에서 미술사와 제국사의 ‘얽힌 역사’ 쓰기를 제안하고자 한다. 1970년대에 등장한 소위 ‘신미술사’, ‘미술의 사회사’, ‘비판적 미술사’, ‘급진적 미술사’는 계급, 인종, 젠더, 섹슈얼리티 이슈를 통해 미술사학계의 정치적 전환을 꾀하였다. 그러나 제국주의/식민주의는 정치적 전환과 함께 등장했던 다른 이슈들에 비해 상대적으로 주목을 받지 못했으며 학계의 주요 담론으로부터 소외되어 왔다. 20세기 후반에서 21세기로 넘어오는 동안 미국이 주도했던 걸프 전쟁과 아프가니스탄 전쟁에 가담한 영국 사회에서 제국이라는 주제는 ‘후기’제국주의 또는 ‘신’제국주의적인 영국 사회의 짐이자 금기였던 것으로 보인다. 연구사의 분기점은, 『미술과 영제국』(Art and the British Empire)이 영국미술사 서사에서 제국이 중요한 요소라는 점을 인식하고 좀 더 긴 시간대를 고찰하면서 ‘영국’ 미술과 ‘제국’ 미술의 이분법을 넘어서야 한다고 선언했던 2007년이 되어서야 찾아왔다. 이후 2000년대 후반과 2010년대에 걸쳐 다양한 구 식민지 지역들을 살펴보고 메트로폴리탄 문화와 식민지 사회 간의 상호 작용을 고찰함으로써 좀 더 넓은 전 지구적 맥락 속에서 영국미술을 이해하려는 학술 연구가 미술사학계 내에서 등장했다. 이러한 변화의 지형도를 통해 영국미술사와 제국사의 교차지점을 살펴보고 미술사의 탈식민화, 나아가 교육과정의 탈식민화를 실천하고자 한다.
Abstract
The primary concern of this paper is to examine recent trends in British art history and to raise issues surrounding writing ‘connected history’ of Brtish art and empire in the post-colonial context. In the 1970s, the so-called ‘new art history’, ‘social history of art’, ‘critical art history’, and/or ‘radical art history’ represented a political turn in the discipline, introducing issues of class, race, gender, and sexuality. The theme of empire, however, was comparatively absent, perhaps the result of a burden or a taboo in ‘post-’ or ‘neo-imperial’ Britain in the late twentieth and twenty-first centuries when British forces entered the Gulf War and the Afghanistan War led by the United States. It was not until 2007 that Art and the British Empire declared the significance of empire in the narrative of British art history and traced a longer time span, seeking to break down the dichotomy between ‘British’ art and ‘imperial’ art. The second half of the 2000s and 2010s have also seen the emergence of scholarly works on British art in a wider global context. This paper provides the historiography of British art and empire studies, which resonates with the call for decolonising the curriculum as well as decolonising art history.
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