19세기 영국의 아시리아 문명 발굴과 수용에서 나타난 오리엔탈리즘의 혼종성: 아시리아 관련 이미지를 중심으로
The Hybridity of Orientalism of the Empire in the 19th Century British Excavation and Acceptance of Assyrian Civilization
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이 글은 19세기 고고학의 성과와 그것을 소재로 한 미술작품, 그리고 제국의 상관관계에 대한 물음에서 출발하여, 에드워드 사이드가 주장하는 오리엔탈리즘이 실제 19세기의 시각 매체에서 어떻게 구현되었는지를 아시리아 문명이라는 구체적 사례를 통해 제시한다. 우선, 본 논문은 영제국의 헤게모니가 가장 강력하게 작용했던 19세기 중후반, ‘동방 문제’와 아시리아 고고학의 시작이라는 역사적 사건을 배경으로 유물을 둘러싸고 생산된 시각 자료를 분석하여 제국의 식민 지배 담론으로 이용된 오리엔탈리즘적 요소를 추출해내고자 한다. 그리고 여기서 한걸음 더 나아가 당시의 아시리아 풍 미술 작품을 통해 오리엔탈리즘의 혼종적 속성의 일면을 살펴보고자 한다. 이러한 작업은 아시리아 문명에서 파생된 2차 산 물들이 동양을 배타적으로 구분했음과 동시에, 동양의 요소를 흡수하여 새로운 서구 예술 양상을 만들어냈음을 고찰하는 것이다. 이는 사이드의 한계를 논의하고 오리엔탈리즘의 다양성을 살펴보는 계기가 될 것이다.
Abstract
This paper starts with the question of the relationship between the achievements of the 19th century archaeology, the works of art based on it and the empire, and presents how the ‘Orientalism’ that Edward Said posited was actually embodied in the visual media of the 19th century by examining concrete examples related to Assyrian civilization. First, the paper analyzes the visual data produced around the relics within the context of discussion about the ‘Eastern Question’ and the beginning of the Assyrian archeology in the mid and late nineteenth century, and attempts to elucidate the elements of orientalism. The paper then examines one aspect of the mixed nature of ‘Orientalism’ by looking into the works of art in Assyrian style at that time. This work considers the fact that the secondary products derived from the Assyrian civilization distinguished the Orient exclusively from the West, as well as created a new Western artistic aspect while absorbing elements of the Orient. This, the paper suggests, provides an opportunity to discuss the limitations of the Said thesis and examine the diversity and hybridity of ‘Orientalism’.
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