문화재 반환에 대한 영국의 입장과 반환 거부의 근거
The British Argument against the Repatriation of Cultural Property
0
조회
0
다운로드
3
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
문화재 반환 문제는 제 2차 세계대전 종결 후 전후 국제관계 재정립과 신생․독립국의 등장과 맞물려 개별 국가 내에서는 물론이고, 국가 간 외교 문제에 있어서도 매우 중요한 사안으로 자리 잡았다. 19세기 이래로 거대한 제국을 경영하면서 전 세계의 중요 문화재들을 약탈․수집했던 영국은 이 문제의 핵심에 있는 국가로, 포스트콜로니얼 시대인 오늘날 원소유국들이 제기하는 수많은 반환요청에 직면해있다. 이에 대해 영국은 자국이 소유한 문화재를 반환할 수 없다는 일관된 입장을 고수하고 있다. 그동안 비슷한 입장을 취해왔던 프랑스나 미국이 최근 반환에 긍정적인 움직임을 보이고 있는 것과 달리, 영국만이 유달리 강한 거부감을 보이고 있는 것은 주목할 만하다. 본 논문은 영국의 이러한 입장에 대한 두 가지 주요 근거 – 문화국제주의와 영국 국내법 – 를 살펴보고, 그에 내재되어 있는 영국의 제국주의적인 태도를 고찰한다.
Abstract
The restitution issue of cultural objects has been widely discussed in diplomatic problems between nations as well as domestic affairs correlating with the re-establishment of international relations and the advent of newly independent states after the Second World War. As in the heart of this issues in this post-colonial age, the UK is facing numerous claims for the restitution of cultural properties, looted and collected by British Empire throughout the world during the colonial period to its rightful original owner. However, the UK has maintained its stance on the issue that the claims cannot be accepted. It is notable that the UK continues to show a strong refusal of returning them unlike France and the US both of which have recently changed their attitudes in favor of returning artifacts. This study will analyse two main reasons which UK has given for maintaining in defense of the legality of its position - the cultural internationalism and domestic law, and finally examines the inherent imperialism which can be seen through these rationales.
참고문헌 (52)
- Hansard, "British Museum Act 1963 (Amendment) Bill, Second Reading", HC Deb, c1175-c1178, ~ (2009)
- Hansard, "Holocaust (Return of Cultural Objects) Bill, Second Reading", HL Deb, c904, ~ (2009)
- "Repatriation of Historical Objects", HC Deb, c128WH, ~ (2010)
- "British Museum Act 1963", ~
- "National Heritage Act 1983", ~
- "Museums and Gallery Act 1992", ~
- "Export Controls on Objects of Cultural Interest(in Export Control Act 2002)", ~
- "Holocaust (Return of Cultural Object) Act 2009", ~
- Ayres, Philip., "Classical Culture and the Idea of Rome in Eighteenth-Century England" (1997), Cambridge University Press
- Diaz-Andreu, M., "A World History of Nineteenth-Century Archaeology: Nationalism, Colonialism, and the Past" (2007), Oxford University Press
- Feldman, David., "English Public Law" (2004), Oxford University Press
- Gerstinblith, Patty., "Art, Cultural Heritage, and the Law" (2008), Carolina Academic Press
- Greenfield, Jeanette., "The Return of Cultural Treasures" (2007), Cambridge University Press
- Geary, Patrick J., "거룩한 도둑질: 중세 성유골 도둑이야기" (2010), 길
- Kim, Hyoung-Man., "Return of Cultural Properties and International Law" (2001), Samwusa
- Kim, Kyoung-Im., "클레오파트라의 바늘: 세계 문화유산 약턀사" (2009), Hongikbooks
- Miles, Margaret M., "Art as Plunder: The Ancient Origins of Debate about Cultural Property" (2008), Cambridge University Press
- Oh, Se-Tak., "A Study on the Law for Protection of Cultural Properties" (2005), Juryuseong
- Parry, Graham., "The Trophies of Time : English Antiquarians of the Seventeenth Century" (1995), Oxford University Press
- Renfrew, Colin., "Loot, Legitimacy and Ownership: The Ethical Crisis in Archaeology" (2006), Gerald Duckworth
- Rhee, Bo-A., "루브르는 프랑스 박물관인가: 문화재 약탈과 반환의 역사" (2002), Minyeon
- Said, Edward., "오리엔탈리즘" (1999), 교보문고
- Shaw, W., "Possessors and Possessed: Objects, Museums, and the Visualization of History in the Late Ottoman Empire, 1846-1923" (2002), University of California Press
- Stamatoudi, Irini A., "Cultural Property Law and Restitution: a Commentary to International Conventions and European Union Law" (2011), Edward Elgar
- Sul, Heasim., "지도만드는 사람: 근대 초 영국의 국토, 역사, 정체성" (2007), 길
- Sul, Heasim ., "그랜드 투어: 엘리트 교육의 최종 단계" (2013), 웅진지식하우스
- Trigger, Bruce G., "고고학사" (2010), 사회평론
- Vrdoljak, Ana Filipa., "International Law, Museums and the Return of Cultural Objects" (2006), Cambridge University Press
- Waxman, Sharon., "약탈, 그 역사와 진실" (2009), 까치
- Young, Robert J., "포스트식민주의 또는 트리컨티넨탈리즘" (2005), 박종철출판사
- Burke, Peter., "Image as Evidence in Seventeenth-Century Europe", Journal of the History of Ideas, 64(2003), pp.273~296 (2003)
- Findlen, Paula., "Possessing the Past : The Material World of the Italian Renaissance", American Historical Review, 103, pp.83~114 (1998)
- 정규영, "이집트 문화재의 반환 가능성에 관한 연구", 지중해지역연구, 9(1), pp.227~248 (2007), 지중해지역원
- Kim, Kyung-Min., "Imperialism and Archaeology: Nineteenth-Century Britain", M.A, pp.2008
- Klug, Nicole., "Protecting Antiquities and Saving the Universal Museum: A Necessary Compromise Between the Conflicting Ideologies of Cultural Property", Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law, 42(3), pp.711~738 (2010)
- Kowalski, Wojciech., "Types of Claims for Recovery of Lost Cultural Property", Museum, 228, pp.85~102 (2005)
- Lee, Dong-Ki., "History and Current Status of the Cultural Property Repossession Convention: Including Relationship with the UNESCO Convention", Korea Private International Law Association, 15, pp.161~199 (2009)
- 이효석, "헬레니즘, 유럽중심주의, 영국성－19세기 영국사회와 고대 그리스의 전유", 19세기 영어권 문학, 13(2), pp.97~123 (2009), 19세기영어권문학회
- 이근관, "문화재의 기원국반환의 최근 동향*― 이탈리아 사례를 중심으로", 서울국제법연구, 15(1), pp.221~245 (2008), 서울국제법연구원
- Merryman, John Henry., "Thinking about the Elgin Marble", Michigan Law Review, 83, pp.1880~1923 (1985)
- Merryman, John Henry., "The Free International Movement of Cultural Property", New York University Journal of International Law and Politics, 31, pp.1~14 (1998)
- Pankhurst, Richard., "The Case for Ethiopia", Museum, 149, pp.58~60 (1986)
- Pankhurst, Ric., "Ethiopia, the Aksum Obelisk, and the Return of Africa’s Cultural Heritage", African Affairs, 98(391), pp.229~239 (1999)
- Reppas II, "Empty ‘International’ Museums’ Trophy Cases of Their Looted Treasures and Return Stolen Property to The Countries of Origin and The Rightful Heirs of Those Wrongfully Dispossessed", Denver Journal of International Law and Policy, 36, pp.93~123 (2007)
- Park, Sun-Ah., "A Study on the International Litigation for the Settlement of Cultural Property Disputes", Ph.D, pp.2013
- 박선희, "문화재 원소유국(country of origin) 반환과 프랑스의 입장", 국제정치논총, 51(4), pp.213~235 (2011), 한국국제정치학회
- Rhee, Bo-A., "Beyond Repatriation: An Analysis of Issues Related to Equitable Restitution of Cultural Property", Ph.D, pp.1997
- Ulph, Janet., "Dealing with UK Museum Collections: Law, Ethics and the Public", Private Divide, 2015, pp.22, 177~204
- "New Look at Nazi Looted Art Law", BBC News, ~ (2005)
- "The British Museum", BBC News, ~ (2003)
- "The Art World’s Shame: Why Britain Must Give Its Colonial Booty Back", The Guardian, ~ (2014)
- "Return or Restitution Cases"[URL]