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영국의 2008 및 2014 시민성 교육과정과 교재에 나타난 사회적 시민성의 특성 비교 연구 -복지를 둘러싼 시민의 사적 권리와 공민의 공적 책무를 중심으로-

A Comparative Study on the Notions of Social Citizenship as Reflected in the British 2008 and 2014 National Curriculums and Textbooks on Citizenship - Focusing on Liberal Civil Rights and Republican Civil Duties over Welfare -

홍석민
영국사학회|2020.06|영국연구 (The Korean Journal of British Studies)|제43호|pp. 231-276|DOI 10.22852/kjbs..43.202006.231

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참고문헌

키워드

자유주의적 시민권-공화주의적 책무선별적-보편적 사회적 시민권다문화주의/공동체주의신보수주의/신자유주의
주제분류역사학

초록

신노동당 정부의 복지체제는 선별적 사회적 시민권을 반영했으나, 이 정부 하의 2008 교육과정과 교재들은 다문화주의와 UN/EU 인권 문서들에 기초하여, EU 수준의 초국가성을 띤, 보편적 사회적 시민권을 지향했다. 반면, 보수당-자민당 연립정부 하의 2014 교육과정과 교재들은, EU의 영국 의회주권 침해와 다문화주의의 부작용을 지적하고, 사회적 시민권을 대헌장 이래로 여러 권리의 역사적 발전의 결과물로 서술함으로써, 영국이라는 국민국가 중심의 선별적 사회적 시민권을 지향한다. 또한 이 교재들은 선별적 사회적 시민권에 내재된 책무인 ‘취직/구직 노력’ 대신, 자립적인 삶을 위한 경제·금융 지식의 습득을 강조한다. 이는 최근 영국민의 복지 인식의 변화가 반영된 결과이기도 하다. 그러나 양쪽 교재 모두 시민의 자유주의적 권리 일반과 특히 사회적 시민권에 직접 상응하는 공화주의적 책무는 거의 규정하고 있지 않다.

Abstract

This study analyzed the 1998 Crick Report, the 2008 and the 2014 British national curriculums, and major citizenship textbooks used for the GCSE. It thereby explored how an individual’s liberal civil rights and his or her republican civil duties were intertwined around the idea of welfare in the context of the market, society, and the state. The New Labor government implemented a welfare system that reflected the notion of selective social citizenship. However, the citizenship textbooks based on the 2008 national curriculum under the same government supported the concept of universal social citizenship in order to strengthen the solidarity and cohesion of the British multicultural community. For this purpose, the textbooks grounded the universal social citizenship on UN and EU human rights documents, and thus the notion of the citizenship was to naturally be transnational at the EU level. Meanwhile, the citizenship textbooks based on the 2014 national curriculum under the Conservative-LDP coalition government, pointing to EU’s infringements of British parliamentary sovereignty and side effects of multiculturalism, described Britain’s social citizenship as a result of her own inner historical development of various rights originating from the Magna Carta. The textbooks, then, supported the notion of selective social citizenship which was to operate within the boundary of the nation state of Britain. However, the same textbooks never mentioned at all the condition of ‘getting a job (or job search efforts)’ which was designed as a responsibility inherent in the idea of selective social citizenship. Instead, the textbooks presented acquisition of economic and financial knowledge for an independent life as a possible substitute for the condition. However, neither groups of textbooks mentioned any specific republican responsibilities and duties directly corresponding to the idea of social citizenship in particular and liberal civil rights in general. Meanwhile, that the notion of social citizenship emphasized by citizenship textbooks changed according to the governments concerned was partly due to its politicization among political parties and, yet, mainly due to the recent changes in the British people’s perception of welfare in which the individual rather than the state took more responsibility. Now they were in search of a productive welfare model rather than a universal one.

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